Rewilding European Landscapes

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12039-3

Cited by 155 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 233 publications

(352 reference statements)

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“…In our study, the promotion of coordinated international trade allowed cropland areas in Europe to decline without compromising European food security. Abandoned cropland can then be used for restoration or rewilding, with potential benefits for BES in Europe (Navarro and Pereira 2015;Török et al 2011). Agrienvironment schemes may provide another opportunity to maintain biodiversity especially in agricultural marginal areas (Kleijn and Sutherland 2003;Van Buskirk and Willi 2004).…”

Section: Future Developments Of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Future projections of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Europe with two integrated assessment models

et al. 2020

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Projections of future changes in biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) are of increasing importance to inform policy and decision-making on options for conservation and sustainable use of BES. Scenario-based modelling is a powerful tool to assess these future changes. This study assesses the consequences for BES in Europe under four socio-environmental scenarios designed from a BES perspective. We evaluated these scenarios using two integrated assessment models (IMAGE-GLOBIO and CLIMSAVE IAP, respectively). Our results showed that (i) climate and land use change will continue to pose significant threats to biodiversity and some ecosystem services, even in the most optimistic scenario; (ii) none of the four scenarios achieved overall preservation of BES in Europe; and (iii) targeted policies (e.g. on climate change, biodiversity conservation and sustainable land management) and behavioural change (e.g. reducing meat consumption, water-saving behaviour) reduced the magnitude of BES loss. These findings stress the necessity of more ambitious policies and actions if BES in Europe are to be safeguarded. We further found that the multi-modelling approach was critical to account for complementary BES dimensions and highlighted different sources of uncertainties (e.g. related to land use allocation, driving forces behind BES changes, trade assumptions), which facilitated nuanced and contextualised insights with respect to possible BES futures.

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Section: Future Developments Of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Future projections of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Europe with two integrated assessment models

et al. 2020

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“…This may also limit the effectiveness of forest regeneration in regulating certain water quality parameters by reducing redistribution of contaminants from the hillslope to the riparian zone (e.g. faecal indicator organisms; Neill et al, 2019). While these findings imply that forest regeneration may slow the flow (Fig.…”

Section: Implications Of Regeneration For Hydrological Source Areas and Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural changes to forests during regeneration affect water flux partitioning, water ages and hydrological connectivity: Insights from tracer-aided ecohydrological modelling

Neill

Birkel

Maneta

et al. 2021

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Increasing rates of biodiversity loss are adding momentum to efforts seeking to restore or rewild degraded landscapes. Here, we investigated the effects of natural forest regeneration on water flux partitioning, water ages and hydrological connectivity, using the tracer-aided ecohydrological model EcH2O-iso. The model was calibrated using ∼ 3.5 years of diverse ecohydrological and isotope data available for a catchment in the Scottish Highlands, an area where impetus for native pinewood regeneration is growing. We then simulated two land cover change scenarios that incorporated forests at early (dense thicket) and late (old open forest) stages of regeneration, respectively. Changes to forest structure (proportional vegetation cover, vegetation heights and leaf area index of pine trees) were modelled for each stage. The scenarios were then compared to a present-day baseline simulation. Establishment of thicket forest had substantial ecohydrological consequences for the catchment. Specifically, increased losses to transpiration and, in particular, interception evaporation drove reductions in below-canopy fluxes (soil evaporation, groundwater (GW) recharge and streamflow) and generally slower rates of water turnover. The greatest reductions in streamflow and connectivity were simulated for summer baseflows and small to moderate events during summer and the autumn/winter rewetting period. This resulted from the effect of local changes to flux partitioning in regenerating areas on the hillslopes extending to the wider catchment by reducing downslope GW subsidies that help sustain summer baseflows and saturation in the valley bottom. Meanwhile, higher flows were relatively less affected, especially in winter. Despite the generally drier state of the catchment, simulated water ages suggested that the increased transpiration demands of the thicket forest could be satisfied by moisture carried over from previous seasons. The more open nature of the old forest generally resulted in water fluxes, water ages and connectivity returning towards baseline conditions. Our work implies that the ecohydrological consequences of natural forest regeneration depend on the structural characteristics of the forest at different stages of development. Consequently, future land cover change investigations need to move beyond consideration of simple forest vs. non-forest scenarios to inform sustainable landscape restoration efforts.

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“…The past two decades have seen increasing attention toward rewilding and restoring habitats with efforts to re-establish extensive natural processes that drive ecosystem functions (Pereia & Navarro, 2015). Contemporary restoration is largely based on the creation or enhancement of protected areas, often directed toward the reintroduction of ecosystem engineers, with an emphasis on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems (Law, Gaywood, Jones, Ramsay, & Willby, 2017;Ockendon et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European native oysters and associated species richness in the presence of non‐native species in a southern North Sea estuary complex

Lown

Hepburn

Heywood³

et al. 2021

Conservat Sci and Prac

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There are growing calls to restore populations of European native oysters (Ostrea edulis), on the premise that restored populations will support a range of ecosystem services with an emphasis placed on restored oyster habitats promoting biological diversity, however benefits associated with naturally occurring O. edulis remain unclear. We undertook biannual surveys in the Blackwater, Crouch, Roach and Colne Estuaries Marine Conservation Zone (BCRC.MCZ), a highly sedimented estuary complex in the southern North Sea, to investigate links between natural densities of O. edulis (0-4.2 m −2 ), the prevalence of other dominant habitat features such as non-native slipper limpet (Crepidula fornicata), dead shell abundance and epibenthic macroinvertebrate species richness. Increased epibenthic species richness was associated with O. edulis, even at densities below the OSPAR Commission recognized definition of an oyster bed (5 oysters m −2 ). Our analysis predicts increased associated species richness with density of native oysters (e.g., +1.6 additional species at 1 oyster m −2 or + 2.8 species at 5 oysters m −2 ), but only in areas with lower density of C. fornicata. Where C. fornicata are at higher density, the potential benefits of oyster restoration for associated species were curtailed. This may explain the observed asymptotic relationship between oyster density and diversity at 1 oyster m −2 . In these and other high Crepidula density areas we recommend extending native oyster habitat even at low density. This may be of particular interest to areas with the protozoan oyster parasite Bonamia ostreae, which spreads more easily in high-density areas. These lower density thresholds should also be considered for future management decisions-closing harvests so they do not reduce density further and impair biodiversity services of the habitats. In conclusion, while C. fornicata may be a useful oyster settlement substrate, we find that it limits the potential increases in associated species gains of oyster restoration.

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Rewilding European Landscapes

Cited by 155 publications

References 233 publications

Future projections of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Europe with two integrated assessment models

Future projections of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Europe with two integrated assessment models

Structural changes to forests during regeneration affect water flux partitioning, water ages and hydrological connectivity: Insights from tracer-aided ecohydrological modelling

European native oysters and associated species richness in the presence of non‐native species in a southern North Sea estuary complex

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