RF/DC Magnetron Sputtering Deposition of Thin Layers for Solar Cell Fabrication

Gulkowski, S.; Krawczak, Ewelina

doi:10.3390/coatings10080791

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Sputtering is a physical vapor deposition procedure with a high film deposition rate and low-temperature structures, making it a good technique [67,68]. It is fast and inexpensive to create thin films of alloys, metals, nitrides, carbides, and oxides [69][70][71].…”

Section: B Sputtering Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integrated pulse energy, time of deposition, pressure in the chamber, plasma gas, target-to-substrate angle, and substrate temperature are all crucial elements in diminishing dopant redistribution and defect creation during high-temperature processing. There are several types of high-quality thin films, such as boron carbon nitride [68], aluminum oxide [75], gallium oxide [76], and others [77], deposited via the magnetron sputtering technique [67]. For readers interested in the history of the thin-film sputter deposition process, we recommend consulting the reference [78].…”

Section: B Sputtering Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Thin Films Fabrication Techniques—Towards a Low-Cost Solution for the Integrated Photonic Platform: A Review of the Current Status

et al. 2022

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In the past few decades, several methods concerning optical thin films have been established to facilitate the development of integrated optics. This paper provides a brief depiction of different techniques for implementing optical waveguide thin films that involve chemical, physical, and refractive index modification methods. Recent advances in these fabrication methods are also been presented. Most of the methods developed for the realization of the thin-films are quite efficient, but they are expensive and require sophisticated equipment. The major interest of the scientists is to develop simple and cost-effective methods for mass production of optical thin films resulting in the effective commercialization of the waveguide technology. Our research group is focused on developing a silica-titania optical waveguide platform via the sol-gel dip-coating method and implementing active and passive optical elements via the wet etching method. We are also exploring the possibility of using nanoimprint lithography (NIL) for patterning these films so that the fabrication process is efficient and economical. The recent developments of this platform are discussed. We believe that silica-titania waveguide technology developed via the sol-gel dip-coating method is highly attractive and economical, such that it can be commercialized for applications such as sensing and optical interconnects.

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Section: B Sputtering Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Sputtering Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Thin Films Fabrication Techniques—Towards a Low-Cost Solution for the Integrated Photonic Platform: A Review of the Current Status

et al. 2022

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“…Carbon nanotubes (CNT), nanocomposites and nanocrystals with suitable valence band edges are also materials that can be used to overcome the contradicting effects [91][92][93]. Thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering and chemical etching [94][95][96][97][98], electrostatic spray assisted vapor deposition [99], electrospinning, and annealing indium tin oxide (ITO) processes [100,101] are preparation methods that have influential roles in the electrical and optical parameters. Enhanced operational characteristics of the examined devices, such as the short circuit current, Isc, the open circuit voltage, Voc and the fill factor, FF, can relate surface/layer treatment with the photoconversion efficiency, n, via the output power derived, P, following equation:…”

Section: Impacts Of Materials Properties and Fabrication Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Photon to Charge Conversion and Its Implication on Photovoltaic Cell Efficient Operation

2021

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Efficient photon to charge (PTC) transfer is considered to be the cornerstone of technological improvements in the photovoltaic (PV) industry, while it constitutes the most common process in nature. This study aims to investigate the parameters that impact efficient PV-cell photon to charge conversion in two ways: (a) providing a brief research analysis to extract the key features which affect the electrical and optical performance of PV cells’ operation, and (b) investigating the dependance of these characteristics on the photon to charge mechanisms. The former direction focuses on the latest advances regarding the impacts of the microenvironment climate conditions on the PV module and its operational performance, while the latter examines the fundamental determinants of the cell’s efficient operation. The electrical and optical parameters of the bulk PV cells are influenced by both the external microenvironment and the intrinsic photon to charge conversion principles. Light and energy harvesting issues need to be overcome, while nature-inspired interpretation and mimicking of photon to charge and excitation energy transfer are in an infant stage, furthering a better understanding of artificial photosynthesis. A future research orientation is proposed which focuses on scaling up development and making use of the before mentioned challenges.

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“…This fabrication relies on the formulation of an ink based on CuO, In 2 O 3 , and Ga 2 O 3 nanoparticles (NPs), and subsequent screen printing of the ink followed by selenization [ 8 ], which converts the resultant thin film of oxide NPs into the desired CIGS phase. An interesting feature of such printing fabrication processes is that it is more sustainable in comparison to classical CIGS PV fabrication based on energy-demanding vacuum methods [ 9 ]. Nevertheless, the employment of a selenization step during the fabrication of the CIGS PV is a shortcoming due to the potential risk it carries through the high toxicity of the evolved selenium species, i.e., Se vapor and H 2 Se gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Synthesis of Semiconducting Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Nanoparticles for Screen Printing Application

et al. 2021

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During the last few decades, the interest over chalcopyrite and related photovoltaics has been growing due the outstanding structural and electrical properties of the thin-film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 photoabsorber. More recently, thin film deposition through solution processing has gained increasing attention from the industry, due to the potential low-cost and high-throughput production. To this end, the elimination of the selenization procedure in the synthesis of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanoparticles with following dispersion into ink formulations for printing/coating deposition processes are of high relevance. However, most of the reported syntheses procedures give access to tetragonal chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanoparticles, whereas methods to obtain other structures are scarce. Herein, we report a large-scale synthesis of high-quality Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanoparticles with wurtzite hexagonal structure, with sizes of 10–70 nm, wide absorption in visible to near-infrared regions, and [Cu]/[In + Ga] ≈ 0.8 and [Ga]/[Ga + In] ≈ 0.3 metal ratios. The inclusion of the synthesized NPs into a water-based ink formulation for screen printing deposition results in thin films with homogenous thickness of ≈4.5 µm, paving the way towards environmentally friendly roll-to-roll production of photovoltaic systems.

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RF/DC Magnetron Sputtering Deposition of Thin Layers for Solar Cell Fabrication

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Optical Thin Films Fabrication Techniques—Towards a Low-Cost Solution for the Integrated Photonic Platform: A Review of the Current Status

Optical Thin Films Fabrication Techniques—Towards a Low-Cost Solution for the Integrated Photonic Platform: A Review of the Current Status

Investigation of the Photon to Charge Conversion and Its Implication on Photovoltaic Cell Efficient Operation

Large-Scale Synthesis of Semiconducting Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Nanoparticles for Screen Printing Application

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