E XACTLY 50 years after the famous speech from Richard Feynman at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society at the California Institutute of Technology, Pasadena[1], in January 2010, a new technical area and committee called "RF-Nanotechnology" was introduced by the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (IEEE MTT-S). On that occasion, Dr. Feynman anticipated with an impressive realism and extraordinary intuition what progress in nanoscience would have brought to us in the coming future. That speech is considered as the ground-breaking prophecy in the field of information technology "miniaturization" and source of inspiration for a multitude of scientists ever since. The same ingenuinity, which has eventually triggered the fusion between the vibrant and striving science of nanotechnology with the considerable wealth of expertise in microwave/RF engineering authoritatively represented by the IEEE MTT-S, yielding the endeavor of the MTT-25 Technical Committee.Nanotechnology can be defined as that part of modern technology enabling the practical exploitation of nanoscale science from a multidisciplinary perspective. It characterizes the understanding and control of matter at dimensions from 100 nm down to atomic dimensions. Dimensions under 100 nm are indeed called nanoscale dimensions [2]. Nanotechnology not only yields miniaturization of devices and enhancement of integration density, but also features unusual physical, chemical, and biological device properties. Nanoelectronics is the gateway of nanotechnology toward practical devices, circuits, and system realization. Now, fostered by the continuous qualitative and quantitative progresses that nanotechnology allows and prompted by recent breakthroughs in the area of nanomaterials, nanoelectronics is experiencing the potential to introduce a paradigm shift in electronic devices and system design, similar to some extent to the transition from vacuum tubes to semiconductor technology. We certainly will not go wrong in the assertions that nanoelectronics will constitute the dominant research area in electronics in the next 20 years.Driven by technology and market requirements, semiconductor electronics has already found its way into the nanoscale dimensions. In fact, the continuing technological drive in silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, following Moore's law, still holds potentials for progress [3].However, novel devices based on a combination of new materials and advanced technologies already existing will be required to go beyond the scaling limits of silicon.A multitude of exciting research projects based on novel materials and nanoscience concepts have been developed to pave the way for a new generation of nanoelectronic devices and systems, yielding not only higher integration densities, but also substantially improved electro-thermo-mechanical properties.Noteworthy is the fact that many nanoscale materials and devices, e.g., carbon-based materials (carbon nanotube, graphene), exhibit their most interesting prop...