RFID sensor systems embedded in concrete – requirements for long–term operation

Johann, Sergej; Strangfeld, Christoph; Müller, Maximilian; Mieller, Björn; Bartholmai, Matthias

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.053

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Regarding projects of sensing nodes powered by RF energy, different approaches are proposed: the far-field energy harvesting in [47,48,49], the far-field wireless power transmission in [50,51,52] and the near-field or inductive wireless power transmission in [8] and that for a large variety of periodicity of the data transmission (from few seconds to tens of minutes). Moreover, various wireless technologies are used: proprietary or homemade in [47,48,49] or standardized as Bluetooth and BLE in [50,51,52] or M-BUS in [8]. Some prototypes are battery-free as [47,49,50,51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the strategy of the RF wireless power transmission was chosen because of the complete control of the energy source and the possibility of managing the activation and periodicity of measurement and data transmission by tuning the transmitted power. There are two different approaches for RF WPT: the magnetic or near-field WPT as presented in [8,28,29] in the case of SHM of reinforced concrete structures applications, and the far-field RF WPT used in this project. The far-field solution can increase the useful range between the RF source and the sensing nodes.…”

Section: Design and Implementation Of The Prototype Of Sensing Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few works have already proposed implementations of communicating materials based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology for various materials and applications. The main targeted application is the storage and access, at short ranges, of some disseminated or measured data in a material like wood [6], textile [7], or concrete [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, literature that provides solutions for some specific applications with concrete is outlined. In [8] a solution based on RFID technology is proposed for monitoring moisture and temperature into concrete. The communication is short-range (centimetres) and the system only works when deployed and monitored by a user.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LoRaWAN Battery-Free Wireless Sensors Network Designed for Structural Health Monitoring in the Construction Domain

Loubet

Takacs

Gardner

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This paper addresses the practical implementation of a wireless sensors network designed to actualize cyber-physical systems that are dedicated to structural health monitoring applications in the construction domain. This network consists of a mesh grid composed of LoRaWAN battery-free wireless sensing nodes that collect physical data and communicating nodes that interface the sensing nodes with the digital world through the Internet. Two prototypes of sensing nodes were manufactured and are powered wirelessly by using a far-field wireless power transmission technique and only one dedicated RF energy source operating in the ISM 868 MHz frequency band. These sensing nodes can simultaneously perform temperature and relative humidity measurements and can transmit the measured data wirelessly over long-range distances by using the LoRa technology and the LoRaWAN protocol. Experimental results for a simplified network confirm that the periodicity of the measurements and data transmission of the sensing nodes can be controlled by the dedicated RF source (embedded in or just controlled by the associated communicating node), by tuning the radiated power density of the RF waves, and without any modification of the software or the hardware implemented in the sensing nodes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design and Implementation Of The Prototype Of Sensing Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

LoRaWAN Battery-Free Wireless Sensors Network Designed for Structural Health Monitoring in the Construction Domain

Loubet

Takacs

Gardner

et al. 2019

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The humidity sensor is supplied with energy generated by the energy harvester (EHV), which is capable of supplying up to 3 V, is regulated with the voltage regulator (REF193 (analog devices, Norwood, MA, USA)), and is attached to an antenna that is capable of meeting the capacitance requirements of the analogue front end (AFE) ( Figure 3) (3.3 pF at HF and 39 nH at UHF). Further details about the electrical schematics can be found in [26,27]. With a corresponding encapsulation (see Section 4.3), the RFID transponders were embedded in test specimens in order to investigate their long-term stability.…”

Section: Layout and Design Of The Rfid Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart RFID Sensors Embedded in Building Structures for Early Damage Detection and Long-Term Monitoring

Strangfeld

Johann

Bartholmai

2019

Sensors

Self Cite

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In civil engineering, many structures are made of reinforced concrete. Most degradation processes relevant to this material, e.g., corrosion, are related to an increased level of material moisture. Therefore, moisture monitoring in reinforced concrete is regarded as a crucial method for structural health monitoring. In this study, passive radio frequency identification (RFID)-based sensors are embedded into the concrete. They are well suited for long-term operation over decades and are well protected against harsh environmental conditions. The energy supply and the data transfer of the humidity sensors are provided by RFID. The sensor casing materials are optimised to withstand the high alkaline environment in concrete, having pH values of more than 12. Membrane materials are also investigated to identify materials capable of enabling water vapour transport from the porous cement matrix to the embedded humidity sensor. By measuring the corresponding relative humidity with embedded passive RFID-based sensors, the cement hydration is monitored for 170 days. Moreover, long-term moisture monitoring is performed for more than 1000 days. The experiments show that embedded passive RFID-based sensors are highly suitable for long-term structural health monitoring in civil engineering. damage diagnosis and assessment. Nevertheless, it is difficult to obtain the required information for distinct damage mechanisms, especially if the damage emanates from inside the concrete structure. For example, chloride-induced corrosion occurs on the surface of reinforcing bars in steel-reinforced concrete. The initiation of this process cannot be detected by traditional visual inspections [5]. Rather, it is typically only after years or even decades of degradation that obvious damage can be observed on the surface of a structural component, i.e., cracks, rust stains, delamination of the concrete cover, etc. At this point, massive damage is already present, and the corresponding repair work is expensive. Early detection of the onset of corrosion reduces costs, ensures building safety, and may increase the lifetime of the structure [6][7][8]. Thus, proper monitoring of crucial infrastructure like bridges, pavements, and foundations will reduce the overall costs of our infrastructure significantly.As a complement to visual inspections, sensors are capable of acquiring further information. Such sensors are particularly useful for collecting information from locations that are difficult to access, such as foundations, bridge bearings, and the bottom side of bridge decks, as well as locations where access is prohibited or dangerous, such as in nuclear waste containments. Appropriate sensors measure several quantities, which give a deep insight into the structural condition. To advance the state-of-the-art in this crucial field the "Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung" (BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing) develops sensors designed for civil engineering structures. In the current study, the focus is on the det...

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Challenges for Embedding RFID Sensors in Reinforced Concrete for Low‐effort Structural Health Monitoring

Walther,

Alkam,

Nguyen‐Tuan

et al. 2023

ce papers

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The structural health of civil infrastructure can be monitored using non‐destructive testing methods and wireless sensor technology. Buildings are often made of reinforced concrete, in which the sensors can be embedded during construction. The implementation of sensor‐based monitoring therefore fundamentally requires robust electronics. The wireless sensors must meet the special requirements of different areas such as communication, durability in the concrete, and compatibility with future readers. Taking into account previous approaches from practice and research, an elicitation of basic requirements for a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensor system that can be embedded in concrete was carried out. Specific problems related to embedding electronic sensors in concrete and their design are investigated. Simple RFID sensor systems have been developed that allow operation without cables or batteries. The main sensor requirements are listed accordingly. Challenges and issues that need to be considered when using RFID sensors in concrete are described. Finally, the “life cycle” of a sensor system embedded in reinforced concrete is briefly discussed.

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RFID sensor systems embedded in concrete – requirements for long–term operation

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

LoRaWAN Battery-Free Wireless Sensors Network Designed for Structural Health Monitoring in the Construction Domain

LoRaWAN Battery-Free Wireless Sensors Network Designed for Structural Health Monitoring in the Construction Domain

Smart RFID Sensors Embedded in Building Structures for Early Damage Detection and Long-Term Monitoring

Challenges for Embedding RFID Sensors in Reinforced Concrete for Low‐effort Structural Health Monitoring

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