Rg6, a rare ginsenoside, inhibits systemic inflammation through the induction of interleukin-10 and microRNA-146a

Paik, Seungwha; Choe, Jun Ho; Choi, Ga-Eun; Kim, Jieun; Kim, Jin Man; Song, Gyu Yong; Jo, Eun-Kyeong

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40690-8

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In a rat nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain model, chronic ginsenoside Rf treatment partially reversed the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord and/or the dorsal root ganglion, but elevated IL-10, an anti-inflammatory factor [23]. Ginsenoside Rg6, a rare ginsenoside from ginseng, was found to have a significant immunosuppressive function on TLR4-induced systemic inflammatory responses, i.e., LPS-induced septic shock, cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis [24]. Mechanistically, ginsenoside Rg6 augmented IL-10 expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages, whereas it inhibited NF-κB activation and MAP kinases via induction of miR-146a, an operator microRNA (miRNA) for antiinflammation [24].…”

Section: Ginsenosides In Anti-inflammationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Ginsenoside Rg6, a rare ginsenoside from ginseng, was found to have a significant immunosuppressive function on TLR4-induced systemic inflammatory responses, i.e., LPS-induced septic shock, cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis [24]. Mechanistically, ginsenoside Rg6 augmented IL-10 expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages, whereas it inhibited NF-κB activation and MAP kinases via induction of miR-146a, an operator microRNA (miRNA) for anti-inflammation [24].…”

Section: Ginsenosides In Anti-inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because exposure to IL-4, IL-10, or glucocorticoids could induce a type of M2-polarized macrophage [51,52], the previously reported induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by ginsenosides Rg6, Rb1, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rh1, Rh2, and Rp1, as well as compound K [14,23,24,41,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67], or activation of glucocorticoid receptors by compound K, ginsenosides Rg1, and Re [36][37][38][39] may imply that those ginsenosides could partly induce the resolution of inflammation through M2 polarization.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng

2020

Biomolecules

128

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Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng, is a famous medicinal plant used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. Ginsenosides (ginseng saponins) are the main class of active constituents of ginseng. The anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng extracts were proven with purified ginsenosides, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, and Rh2, as well as compound K. The negative regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and enzyme expressions (iNOS and COX-2) was found as the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginsenosides in M1-polarized macrophages and microglia. Recently, another action mechanism emerged explaining the anti-inflammatory effect of ginseng. This is a pro-resolution of inflammation derived by M2-polarized macrophages. Direct and indirect evidence supports how several ginsenosides (ginsenoside Rg3, Rb1, and Rg1) induce the M2 polarization of macrophages and microglia, and how these M2-polarized cells contribute to the suppression of inflammation progression and promotion of inflammation resolution. In this review, the new action mechanism of ginseng anti-inflammation is summarized.

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Section: Ginsenosides In Anti-inflammationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Ginsenosides In Anti-inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng

2020

Biomolecules

128

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“…Ginseng is one of the most commonly used traditional medicines in China, korea, Japan, and other Asian countries, shows various biological effects including anticancer, antioxidative, antiaging, neurovascular modulatory, antiviral, and other activities [26][27][28][29]. Ginsenoside Rg6 and ginsenoside F1 show antitumor, antioxidant and anti-in ammatory effects in vitro [30][31][32][33]. Previous study has reported that ginsenoside Rb1 exerted inhibitory activity against ACE [34].…”

Section: Ace2 Kinase Inhibitory Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of a potent angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitor from Chinese Medicinal and Edible Plant via Docking-based Virtual Screening

Zi¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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COVID-19 has outbreaked in Wuhan city, Hubei province of China since December 30th 2019, and spread nationwide and widely spilled over to other countries around the world that has been declared a public health emergency. However, there is no specific drug for the treatment of the disease. Therefore, identifying effective antiviral drugs to combat the disease is urgently needed. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has become the promising target to discovery new antiviral drugs to treat COVID-19, we have attempted to discover novel ACE2 inhibitors through ligand-based virtual screening. Finally, eight compounds were selected and tested ACE2 kinase inhibitory assay using fluorescence assays method. The results showed that four compounds (monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, glycyrrhizic acid methyl ester, ginsenoside Rg6 and ginsenoside F1) from 101 kinds of Chinese medicinal and edible plants which could inhibit ACE2 activity in vitro. Further efforts on chemical modification of these lead compounds are undergoing can lead to discover better agents against COVID-19.

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“…74 Induction of miRNA species including miR-146a, promoting anti-inflammatory conditions can be induced by ginsenosides and proanthocyanidins, thus augmenting desirable immune responses while at the same time suppressing inflammation. 75 The regulation of miRNA expression may be a key site of action of phytochemicals. 76…”

Section: Other Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of acute and chronic inflammation using compounds derived from plants

Bondy

Prasad³

2020

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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The appearance of excessive inflammatory activity is associated with onset of many disease states. Such non-productive responses are often the basis of the mortality consequent to incurring numerous disorders. The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by the virus “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2” is a striking reflection of the inadequacy of current medical science to adequately address this issue. The usefulness of a range of materials of botanical origin in the attenuation of both chronic and acute inflammatory responses to various disease stressors is described. The properties of preparations of plant-based origin often parallel those of synthesized pharmacologics, but differ from them in some key respects. These differences can lead to more traditional preparations having distinct therapeutic advantages but also a number of specific shortcomings. The strengths and weaknesses of these materials are objectively contrasted with that of a more orthodox pharmacological approach. Each of these emphases in style has specific advantages and they should not be considered as competitors, but rather as accomplices in combating adverse states involving derangement of immune function. Impact statement A large component of many disease states is the improper regulation of immune function. This commonly leads to the appearance of redundant inflammation which does not effectively address any underlying issue but actually impedes a successful response to disease-induced metabolic derangement. There is currently no means of successfully addressing this problem which is especially relevant in the ongoing viral pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. In view of this failure, new courses of action need to be contemplated. This review proposes reconsideration of the potential utility of natural compounds originating from plants in order to address this deficit. Such a new direction, in concert with more conventional strategies could help to alleviate this wide-ranging crisis.

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Rg6, a rare ginsenoside, inhibits systemic inflammation through the induction of interleukin-10 and microRNA-146a

Cited by 41 publications

References 63 publications

Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng

Pro-Resolving Effect of Ginsenosides as an Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Panax ginseng

Discovery of a potent angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitor from Chinese Medicinal and Edible Plant via Docking-based Virtual Screening

Attenuation of acute and chronic inflammation using compounds derived from plants

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