RGB-Detector: A Smart, Low-Cost Device for Reading RGB Indexes of Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices

Pazzi, Bianca Maria; Pistoia, Dario; Alberti, Giancarla

doi:10.3390/mi13101585

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…They used LEDs as light sources and a DVD disk as a light‐dispersing element. Furthermore, devices similar to ours have been recently designed and applied to the detection of antibiotics (Sheta et al 2022) or to pH measurements by means of chemometric procedures (Pazzi et al 2022). An advantage of our system is that it can measure six strips at a time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and affordable colorimetric sensing strips for quantitative determination of total manganese in porewater samples

Pedre,

Fröhberg,

Waska

et al. 2024

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Simple and economical colorimetric strips for measuring manganese (Mn) in natural waters are described. For their construction, leucomalachite green (LMG) embedded in a Nafion® polymeric matrix was immobilized on a polyvinylchloride surface. Upon immersing the strips in the sample, any soluble manganese(II/III) present catalyzed the oxidation of the LMG base to malachite green by adding sodium periodate. The observed color change is related to the manganese concentration and can be quantified using a field device constructed using commercial red–green–blue sensors and an Arduino® board. A linear response from 0.1 to 0.6 μmol L−1 manganese (limit of detection: 0.1 μmol L−1) was observed. The signal for strips prepared on 7 d gave a relative standard deviation equal to 13%. The strips showed good agreement with results obtained by ICP‐MS in porewater collected on Spiekeroog Island (North Sea). Therefore, the method is a tool for rapid measurements of manganese in porewater samples offering new possibilities in understanding biogeochemistry for high temporal and spatial resolution manganese surveys and providing an analytical technique that provides field results comparable to laboratory systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple and affordable colorimetric sensing strips for quantitative determination of total manganese in porewater samples

Pedre,

Fröhberg,

Waska

et al. 2024

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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“…In particular, Partial Least Squares regression (PLS) modeling [54][55][56] was employed here to relate the Pd(II) concentration to the PADs' visible spectrum. Differently from the univariate approach, the capability of chemometrics tools to extract a vast quantity of information can improve the performances of the PADs to discriminate and classify samples or for multiple-analytes detection [36,[57][58][59][60][61]. Moreover, the proper application of chemometric tools to paper-based devices increases their accuracy, reliability, and robustness, thus strengthening their potential [61].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorimetric Paper-Based Analytical Devices (PADs) Backed by Chemometrics for Pd(II) Detection

Alberti,

Magnaghi,

Iurato

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This paper presents the development of cheap and selective Paper-based Analytical Devices (PADs) for selective Pd(II) determination from very acidic aqueous solutions. The PADs were obtained by impregnating two cm-side squares of filter paper with an azoic ligand, (2-(tetrazolylazo)-1,8 dihydroxy naphthalene-3,6,-disulphonic acid), termed TazoC. The so-obtained orange TazoC-PADs interact quickly with Pd(II) in aqueous solutions by forming a complex purple-blue-colored already at pH lower than 2. The dye complexes no other metal ions at such an acidic media, making TazoC-PADs highly selective to Pd(II) detection. Besides, at higher pH values, other cations, for example, Cu(II) and Ni(II), can interact with TazoC through the formation of stable and pink-magenta-colored complexes; however, it is possible to quantify Pd(II) in the presence of other cations using a multivariate approach. To this end, UV-vis spectra of the TazoC-PADs after equilibration with the metal ions solutions were registered in the 300–800 nm wavelength range. By applying Partial Least Square regression (PLS), the whole UV-vis spectra of the TazoC-PADs were related to the Pd(II) concentrations both when present alone in solution and also in the presence of Cu(II) and Ni(II). Tailored PLS models obtained with matrix-matched standard solutions correctly predicted Pd(II) concentrations in unknown samples and tap water spiked with the metal cation, making the method promising for quick and economical sensing of Pd(II).

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“…In the same year, Pazzi et Al. approached pH strip reading through RGB index analysis of paper-based analytical devices via an RBG sensor [9]. Advancements in machine learning algorithms, particularly regression techniques, provide a promising approach to address the accuracy issues associated with pH strips.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart IoT-Enabled pH Strip Reader for Simple and Accurate Analysis of Cervical Mucous pH

Rajan,

Muhila,

Parikh

et al. 2023

Atlantis Highlights in Computer Sciences

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The pH analysis of cervical mucous plays a significant role in providing valuable health insights for women. Accurate measurement of this pH metric is crucial for effective tracking and monitoring of reproductive health. However, current methodologies often present challenges in terms of confusion in test strip readings and susceptibility to external factors such as light fluctuations. In this study, we propose a robust and simplified approach for measuring cervical mucous pH, leveraging the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and TinyML. Our setup ensures accurate readings, minimizing ambiguity, and offering a reliable means for women to effortlessly monitor their cervical mucous pH. We conducted experiments to compare the accuracy of our device with human interpretation of universal pH strips. The results show our setup demonstrates superior accuracy compared to laymen's interpretations of universal pH strips with small increments in pH (0.5 pH difference). This methodology empowers women to gain deeper insights into their reproductive health, aiding in informed decision-making and improving overall well-being.

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RGB-Detector: A Smart, Low-Cost Device for Reading RGB Indexes of Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Simple and affordable colorimetric sensing strips for quantitative determination of total manganese in porewater samples

Simple and affordable colorimetric sensing strips for quantitative determination of total manganese in porewater samples

Colorimetric Paper-Based Analytical Devices (PADs) Backed by Chemometrics for Pd(II) Detection

Smart IoT-Enabled pH Strip Reader for Simple and Accurate Analysis of Cervical Mucous pH

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