Rheology of Bovine Bone Marrow

Bryant, Jen; David, Tom; Gaskell, Philip; King, Sarah; Lond, G

doi:10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_013_01

Cited by 80 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The fluid elements were assigned incompressible Newtonian fluid properties with a density of 0.9 g/cm 3 and viscosity of 400 mPa.s 8 . The bone-marrow interface was assumed to be rigid, with a no slip interface.…”

Section: Computational Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Stimulation of Bone Marrow In Situ Induces Bone Formation in Trabecular Explants

et al. 2014

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Low magnitude high frequency (LMHF) loading has been shown to have an anabolic effect on trabecular bone in vivo. However, the precise mechanical signal imposed on the bone marrow cells by LMHF loading, which induces a cellular response, remains unclear. This study investigates the influence of LMHF loading, applied using a custom designed bioreactor, on bone adaptation in an explanted trabecular bone model, which isolated the bone and marrow.Bone adaptation was investigated by performing micro CT scans pre and post experimental LMHF loading, using image registration techniques. Computational fluids dynamics models were generated using the pre-experiment scans to characterise the mechanical stimuli imposed by the loading regime prior to adaptation. Results here demonstrate a significant increase in bone formation in the LMHF loaded group compared to static controls and media flow groups.The calculated shear stress in the marrow was between 0.575 and 0.7 Pa, which is within the range of stimuli known to induce osteogenesis by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Interestingly, a correlation was found between the bone formation balance (bone formation/resorption), trabecular number, trabecular spacing, mineral resorption rate, bone resorption rate and mean shear stresses. The results of this study suggest that the magnitude of the shear stresses generated due to LMHF loading in the explanted bone cores, has a contributory role in the formation of trabecular bone and improvement in bone architecture parameters.3

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Section: Computational Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Stimulation of Bone Marrow In Situ Induces Bone Formation in Trabecular Explants

et al. 2014

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“…The surrogates were filled with bone marrow substitute prepared using an aqueous solution of 2.5% w/w carboxymethyl cellulose (Mw ~250,000 -Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, SigmaAldrich, Missouri, USA) with a nominal viscosity of 0.4 Pa·s which has been reported as the approximate value for red bovine marrow [19]. Superior and inferior plates were used to create a tight seal and confine the marrow within the surrogates.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel methodology for assessing biomaterial–biofluid interaction in cancellous bone

Bou-Francis

Soyka

Ferguson

et al. 2015

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…Second, the substitute permeability should be chosen so that the fluid-induced shear stress magnitude ranges between 0.03 and 3 Pa. This second step should take into account the variation of bone marrow viscosity that ranges between 0.05 and 0.6 Pa Á s. 37 However, the optimal permeability value obtained by the optimization scheme could lead to unrealistically high values. In this case, the target elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio could be increased until a realistic permeability value is obtained.…”

Section: Optimization Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted mechanical properties for optimal fluid motion inside artificial bone substitutes

Blecha

Rakotomanana

Razafimahéry

et al. 2009

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Our goal was to develop a method to identify the optimal elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, porosity, and permeability values for a mechanically stressed bone substitute. We hypothesized that a porous bone substitute that favors the transport of nutriments, wastes, biochemical signals, and cells, while keeping the fluid-induced shear stress within a range that stimulates osteoblasts, would likely promote osteointegration. Two optimization criteria were used: (i) the fluid volume exchange between the artificial bone substitute and its environment must be maximal and (ii) the fluid-induced shear stress must be between 0.03 and 3 Pa. Biot's poroelastic theory was used to compute the fluid motion due to mechanical stresses. The impact of the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, porosity, and permeability on the fluid motion were determined in general and for three different bone substitute sizes used in high tibial osteotomy. We found that fluid motion was optimized in two independent steps. First, fluid transport was maximized by minimizing the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and porosity. Second, the fluid-induced shear stress could be adjusted by tuning the bone substitute permeability so that it stayed within the favorable range of 0.03 to 3 Pa. Such method provides clear guidelines to bone substitute developers and to orthopedic surgeons for using bone substitute materials according to their mechanical environment. Ceramics and polymer porous structures can be produced with controlled pore size, porosity, mechanical resistance, and surface properties.1-5 Thus, novel artificial bone substitutes can be customized as to their physical properties. The question becomes which material favored best osteointegration in order to shorten the postoperative recovery phase. Much effort has been spent on searching for the optimal bone substitute architecture with regard to degradation rate and osteointegration. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Empirical studies show that pore interconnectivity must be >50 mm and pore diameter must be >100 mm, although this latter value is still debated. 13,14 No consensus has emerged on optimal permeability, porosity, and bulk stiffness. The need exists, therefore, to develop a synthetic approach to define target mechanical and fluid conductivity properties that likely favor osteointegration.To develop such an approach, the mechanical environment and the associated fluid motion must be considered. Many physico-chemical and biological phenomena are involved in osteointegration, but fluid motion due to mechanical loading plays a central role in bone substitute osteointegration, 15 bone mechanotransduction, 16,17 and angiogenesis. 18,19 Indeed, the transport of nutriments, wastes, biochemical signals, and cells throughout the substitute stimulates osteoblasts. 20,21 In addition, fluid motion exerts direct mechanical stress on bone cells that can stimulate 22 or damage 23 cells, depending on its magnitude. Shear stress between 0.03 and 3 Pa triggers production of essential proteins by osteobla...

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Rheology of Bovine Bone Marrow

Cited by 80 publications

References 6 publications

Mechanical Stimulation of Bone Marrow In Situ Induces Bone Formation in Trabecular Explants

Mechanical Stimulation of Bone Marrow In Situ Induces Bone Formation in Trabecular Explants

Novel methodology for assessing biomaterial–biofluid interaction in cancellous bone

Targeted mechanical properties for optimal fluid motion inside artificial bone substitutes

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