Rheometry of coarse biomass at high temperature and pressure

Klingenberg, Daniel J.; Root, Thatcher W.; Burlawar, S.; Scott, C. Tim; Bourne, Keith J.; Gleisner, Roland; Houtman, Carl J.; Subramaniam, V.S.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.01.031

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We used the solvent system composed of 80 wt % GVL and 20 wt % water containing 100 m m H 2 SO 4 to depolymerize the hemi‐cellulose and the lignin fraction of biomass, while retaining the cellulose fraction as a solid. For fractionation of maple wood (composition: xylan=19.3 %, glucan=41.9 %, klason lignin=24.9 %, moisture=5 %), we used a 2 L stirred Parr reactor fitted with a custom high‐solids mixing system (described in Klingenberg et al . and Lutherbacher et al …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Furfural Yields from Xylose Dehydration in the γ‐Valerolactone/Water Solvent System at Elevated Temperatures

et al. 2018

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High yields of furfural (>90 %) were achieved from xylose dehydration in a sustainable solvent system composed of γ-valerolactone (GVL), a biomass derived solvent, and water. It is identified that high reaction temperatures (e.g., 498 K) are required to achieve high furfural yield. Additionally, it is shown that the furfural yield at these temperatures is independent of the initial xylose concentration, and high furfural yield is obtained for industrially relevant xylose concentrations (10 wt %). A reaction kinetics model is developed to describe the experimental data obtained with solvent system composed of 80 wt % GVL and 20 wt % water across the range of reaction conditions studied (473-523 K, 1-10 mm acid catalyst, 66-660 mm xylose concentration). The kinetic model demonstrates that furfural loss owing to bimolecular condensation of xylose and furfural is minimized at elevated temperature, whereas carbon loss owing to xylose degradation increases with increasing temperature. Accordingly, the optimal temperature range for xylose dehydration to furfural in the GVL/H O solvent system is identified to be from 480 to 500 K. Under these reaction conditions, furfural yield of 93 % is achieved at 97 % xylan conversion from lignocellulosic biomass (maple wood).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Furfural Yields from Xylose Dehydration in the γ‐Valerolactone/Water Solvent System at Elevated Temperatures

et al. 2018

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“…Future work is planned to assess the overall energy requirements for milling partially fermented solids as well as the relative importance of viscous energy dissipation and particle breakage determinants of energy requirements. Large-scale biomass slurries could be analyzed, say, using the methods outlined in [ 17 , 27 ]. Other biomass feedstocks could also be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, torque rheometry has been used to characterize the viscosity and yield stress of large-particle, high solid slurries [ 7 , 33 , 36 ]. Recently, Klingenberg et al [ 17 ] designed a biomass rheometer that accommodates slurries at conditions relevant to commercial application including high solid concentrations and large particle sizes, as well as high temperature and low pH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheological properties of corn stover slurries during fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum

Ghosh

Holwerda

Worthen

et al. 2018

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundMilling during fermentation, termed cotreatment, has recently been proposed as an alternative to thermochemical pretreatment as a means to increase the accessibility of lignocellulosic biomass to biological attack. A central premise of this approach is that partial solubilization of biomass changes the slurry’s physical properties such that milling becomes more impactful and more feasible. A key uncertainty is the energy required to mill partially fermented biomass. To inform both of these issues, we report rheological characterization of small-particle, corn stover slurries undergoing fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum.ResultsFermented and unfermented corn stover slurries were found to be shear-thinning and well described by a power law model with an exponent of 0.10. Plastic viscosity of a slurry, initially at 16 wt.% insoluble solids, decreased as a result of fermentation by a factor of 2000, with the first eightfold reduction occurring in the first 10% of carbohydrate conversion. Large amplitude oscillatory shear experiments revealed only minor changes to the slurry’s rheological fingerprint as a result of fermentation, with the notable change being a reduction in the critical strain amplitude needed for the onset of nonlinearity. All slurries were found to be elastoviscoplastic, with the elastic/viscous crossover at roughly 100% strain amplitude.ConclusionsWhereas prior biomass rheology studies have involved pretreated feedstocks and solubilization mediated by fungal cellulase, we report results for feedstocks with no pretreatment other than autoclaving and for solubilization mediated by C. thermocellum. As observed in prior studies, C. thermocellum fermentation results in a dramatic decrease in viscosity. The magnitude of this decrease, however, is much larger starting with unpretreated feedstock than previously reported for pretreated feedstocks. LAOS measurements provide a detailed picture of the rheological fingerprint of the material. Viscosity measurements confirm the hypothesis that the physical character of corn stover slurries changes dramatically during fermentation by C. thermocellum, and indicate that the energy expended on overcoming slurry viscosity will be far less for partially fermented corn stover than for unfermented corn stover.

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“…For suspensions at low and medium consistencies (< 20 mass%), devices for measuring yield stress are classified mainly into two groups: vaned‐geometry devices; and modified parallel plate devices . At high consistencies (20–40 mass%), torque rheometers and auger‐based rheometers are typically employed to measure yield stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using cupriethylenediamine (CED) solution to decrease cellulose fibre network strength for removal of pulp fibre plugs

et al. 2018

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The pulp and paper industry is the largest industrial sector that converts wood-based materials into fibre-related products. It is common for pulp fibre plugs to develop within pipelines and equipment causing operational downtime, which ultimately requires the use of costly procedures for plug removal. In this study, a laboratory-scale set-up was developed to measure the breakup pressure of pre-formed plugs to indicate the plug (fibre network) strength. A cupriethylenediamine (CED) solution was investigated with regards to its ability to decrease the plug strength. When the concentration of the CED solution is 0.1 M or lower, the plug breakup pressure increases due to fibre swelling. Conversely, when the CED concentration is 0.2 M or greater, the plug breakup pressure decreases significantly due to partial fibre dissolution.

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Rheometry of coarse biomass at high temperature and pressure

Cited by 26 publications

References 32 publications

Enhanced Furfural Yields from Xylose Dehydration in the γ‐Valerolactone/Water Solvent System at Elevated Temperatures

Enhanced Furfural Yields from Xylose Dehydration in the γ‐Valerolactone/Water Solvent System at Elevated Temperatures

Rheological properties of corn stover slurries during fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum

Using cupriethylenediamine (CED) solution to decrease cellulose fibre network strength for removal of pulp fibre plugs

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