To determine the incidence of musculoskeletal pain, disabilities, and help seeking behaviour, a questionnaire was administered to a rural population of 2184 men and 2499 women and an urban population of 481 men and 590 women aged over 15 years by house to house interviews with completion rates of 95-2% (rural) and 97-1% (urban). The incidences of pain in the joints, back, or neck were 23-6% (rural) and 31-3% (urban). The incidence of disability due to an inability to walk, lift, carry, and dress was 2-8% (rural) and 0-9% (urban).
Patients and methodsThe total populations of 2499 women and 2184 men from two villages and the total populations of 590 women and 481 men from two city neighbourhoods, which were considered to be similar to the rural and urban population of Java, respectively, in demographic characteristics such as life expectancy, age structure, sex distribution, race, income, culture, religion, occupations, and social class,3 4 were selected for a house to house interview survey designed to determine musculoskeletal pain, disability, and help seeking behaviour with the phase 2 questionnaire. The rural population consisted of 75% farmhands and farmers, 18% labourers, and 7% employed by motels, hotels, and village offices. They lived in well defined hamlets surrounded by rice fields and market gardens, mostly in thatched houses. The average life expectancy was 45 years for men and 50 for women, despite a heavier workload (Bandungan community health centre data, 1982) for the women.The urban target areas were situated near the centre of a city with more than 900 000 inhabitants with an average life span of 50 and 55 years for men and women, respectively. Its social strata was predominantly classes 5 (unskilled occupations) and 4 (partly skilled occupations) with some class 3 (skilled occupations) and very few classes 2 (intermediate occupations) and 1 (professional occupations). All the rural and urban target populations were Javanese (Malayo-Polynesians) except a negligible number (less than 0-5%) of Chinese (Mongoloids) who were included in the urban subjects.3 4The rural and urban populations were not socially stratified but were considered to represent the social strata of Javanese rural and urban populations.The phase 1 questionnaire (omitted in this survey) records the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in various body sites and disabilities as determined by primary health care workers2