Rhinovirus Transmission within Families with Children: Incidence of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Infections

Peltola, Ville; Waris, Matti; Österback, Riikka; Susi, Petri; Ruuskanen, Olli; Hyypiä, Timo

doi:10.1086/525542

Cited by 232 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(27 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

229

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Home nasal sampling for respiratory viruses has been found feasible previously, and it may increase the virus detection rate in studies of outpatient infections. 19,20,25 Based on the frequency of complications and other outcomes in rhinovirus-positive versus rhinovirus-negative infections, we estimated rhinovirus-associated morbidity. This estimation is subject to an assumption that rhinoviruses would occur with a similar frequency and severity in infections that were not analyzed for viruses as in those that were analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, if the family felt that a physician visit was not needed, or if they visited a physician elsewhere, nasal flocked swab specimens were taken at home by the parents at the onset of illness and sent to the laboratory by standard mail as described previously. 19,20 Parents were trained by study personnel to collect nasal swab samples at the first visit to the study clinic. Data on emergency department visits and hospitalizations of the child, including results of virus diagnostics performed as part of patient care, were collected from the Electronic Registry of the Hospital District of Southwest Finland, which comprises information from both hospitals providing inpatient pediatric care in the area (Turku University Hospital and Salo District Hospital).…”

Section: Study Design and Conductmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rhinovirus Infections in the First 2 Years of Life

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Design and Conductmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhinovirus Infections in the First 2 Years of Life

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the presence of HRVs in the lower airways in most volunteers, following experimental infection of the upper airway [72], and the detection of the virus in bronchial biopsies from infants during naturally occurring infections proves that HRV also frequently infects the lower airways [73]. People of all ages may be affected by the infection with an incidence that is inversely proportional to age: by 2 years of age 91% of children have antibodies against HRVs [74][75][76][77]. In contrast to RSV, infections with HRVs have been shown to occur throughout the year with a large number of distinct strains circulating each year [75][76][77][78].…”

Section: Hrv and Respiratory Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is evidence that respiratory viruses play a key role in the development and exacerbation of obstructive respiratory diseases in children. This review attempts to juxtapose the separate profiles and prototypes of pathogenenetic mechanisms represented by the two most common amongst such viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV).RSV represents the most common agent of severe airway disease in infants and young children, and is predominant in winter months. Large epidemiological studies have revealed an unequivocal relationship between RSV infection and subsequent wheezing into childhood, thought to be related to long-term changes in neuroimmune control of the airways rather than allergic sensitisation.HRV is a highly diverse group of viruses that affect subjects of all ages, is ubiquitous and occurs yearround. In contrast to RSV, infections with HRV cause minimal cytotoxicity but induce a rapid production of cytokines and chemokines with amplification of the inflammatory response. The susceptibility to HRVinduced bronchiolitis and subsequent wheezing appears to be linked to individual predisposition since it is often associated with a family or personal history of asthma/atopy.Thus, RSV probably serves as an "inducer" rather than a "trigger". Conversely, HRVs seem to serve as a "trigger" rather than an "inducer" in predisposed individuals. @ERSpublications Comprehensive overview of the different roles of RSV and HRV in the pathogenesis of recurrent wheezing in childhood

show abstract

“…15 Sequencing of the rhinovirus 59 nontranslated region is a suitable approach for evaluation of short-term transmission. 18,19 Briefly 12.5 mL of iQ supermix (Bio-Rad) was mixed within a 25-mL PCR reaction containing 200 nM of both a biotinylated forward primer (biotin-TGGACAAGGTGCGAAGAGC) and a reverse primer (GGTTAGCCGCATTCAGGG) and 1 mL of the rhinovirus qPCR amplimer 15 and nuclease-free water to volume. Thermocycling was completed by using a Bio-Rad C1000 thermocycler and the following protocol: (1) 1.5 minutes, 95°C, (2) 95°C, 15 seconds, (3) 60°C, 1 minute, repeat 50 times, (4) 72°C, 5 minutes, and (5) indefinite hold at 4°C.…”

Section: Molecular Virological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of Rhinovirus Shedding in the Upper Respiratory Tract in the First Year of Life

Loeffelholz¹,

Trujillo

Pyles

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Rhinoviruses are commonly detected in both acutely ill and asymptomatic infants and children. The finding may represent new infection or prolonged presence of rhinovirus RNA in the respiratory tract. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:In young, otherwise healthy infants, shedding of RNA from the same rhinovirus strain rarely persisted longer than 30 days. abstract BACKGROUND: Current molecular diagnostic methods have detected rhinovirus RNA in a high proportion of asymptomatic infants and children, raising the question of the clinical significance of these findings. This study investigates the prevalence of prolonged rhinovirus RNA presence in the upper respiratory tract of infants during the first year of life. METHODS:In a longitudinal study, infants were followed from birth up to 12 months. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected monthly (months 1-6 and month 9) and during an upper respiratory infection. Rhinoviruses were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Presence of repeated rhinovirus RNA was evaluated by nucleotide sequence analysis. RESULTS:A total of 2153 specimens from 362 infants were studied; 341 distinct rhinovirus infections in 216 infants were identified. Follow-up specimens were available within 30 days for 179 infections, creating the sample set to assess prolonged rhinovirus presence. Of the 179 infections, 46 involved the detection of the same rhinovirus strain in repeated specimens, including 8 events of prolonged presence of the same strain (detected in specimens collected .30 days apart), representing 4.5% of the evaluable rhinovirus infections. There were 26 events in which a rhinovirus strain was replaced by a different strain within a 30-day interval, representing 14.5% of the 179 infections. CONCLUSIONS:Although rhinovirus infections are common in healthy infants, prolonged presence of rhinovirus RNA in the respiratory tract after an upper respiratory infection was uncommon (,5%). Detection of rhinovirus RNA in an infant most likely represents an infection within a 30-day period. Dr Loeffelholz co-conceptualized and co-designed the study and wrote the initial manuscript; Dr Trujillo coordinated data collection; Dr Pyles conceptualized and supervised molecular virology studies and reviewed and revised the manuscript; Mr Miller performed molecular virology studies and provided interpretation of the data for inclusion in the manuscript; Dr Alvarez-Fernandez supervised data collection; Dr Pong performed molecular virology studies and performed data collection and analysis; Dr Chonmaitree conceptualized and designed the study, provided overall study supervision, and revised the manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. 4,5 A study in adult volunteers showed that cultivatable rhinoviruses were routinely recovered for ∼2 weeks after infection. 6 Recurrent rhinovirus infection has been described in patients with asthma 7 and in those at risk of developing...

show abstract

Rhinovirus Transmission within Families with Children: Incidence of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Infections

Abstract: Rhinoviruses are frequently transmitted from children to other family members. Most rhinovirus infections in young children are symptomatic, but secondary infections in adults are often asymptomatic. Multiple virus types circulate simultaneously in families.

Cited by 232 publications

References 34 publications

Rhinovirus Infections in the First 2 Years of Life

Rhinovirus Infections in the First 2 Years of Life

Infantile respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus infections: respective role in inception and persistence of wheezing

Duration of Rhinovirus Shedding in the Upper Respiratory Tract in the First Year of Life

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About