Rhodanese distribution in different tissues of rabbits

Aminlari, Ladan; Tavana, Maryam; Kazemipour, Nasrin

doi:10.1007/s00580-013-1772-y

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Enzyme activity in liver and kidney of cat determined in our study was the same as a previous report on cat 28 . Enzyme activity in liver and kidney of rabbit was also similar to that reported by Aminlari 45 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dietary resources shape the adaptive changes of cyanide detoxification function in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Huang

Yie

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The functional adaptive changes in cyanide detoxification in giant panda appear to be response to dietary transition from typical carnivore to herbivorous bear. We tested the absorption of cyanide contained in bamboo/bamboo shoots with a feeding trial in 20 adult giant pandas. We determined total cyanide content in bamboo shoots and giant panda’s feces, levels of urinary thiocyanate and tissue rhodanese activity using color reactions with a spectrophotometer. Rhodanese expression in liver and kidney at transcription and translation levels were measured using real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We compared differences of rhodanese activity and gene expressions among giant panda, rabbit (herbivore) and cat (carnivore), and between newborn and adult giant pandas. Bamboo shoots contained 3.2 mg/kg of cyanide and giant pandas absorbed more than 65% of cyanide. However, approximately 80% of absorbed cyanide was metabolized to less toxic thiocyanate that was discharged in urine. Rhodanese expression and activity in liver and kidney of giant panda were significantly higher than in cat, but lower than in rabbit (all P < 0.05). Levels in adult pandas were higher than that in newborn cub. Phylogenetic analysis of both nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the rhodanese gene supported a closer relationship of giant panda with carnivores than with herbivores.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dietary resources shape the adaptive changes of cyanide detoxification function in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Huang

Yie

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…In several mammalian species such as plant-feeding rabbits, rhodanese activity is ubiquitously distributed in the body with the highest activity in hepatocytes, the main detoxification site of e.g. xenobiotics [101,102]. Rhodanese activity is also localized in the mammalian brain, where cyanide acts as a neuromodulator [63].…”

Section: Cyanide Detoxification In Mammalian Herbi-and Omnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivore Adaptations to Plant Cyanide Defenses

Ohlen¹,

Herfurth²,

Wittstock³

2017

Herbivores

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As plants are fixed to their habitat they produce specialized metabolites as chemical defenses to fight off herbivores. As an example, many plants produce cyanogenic glucosides and release toxic cyanide upon tissue damage ("cyanide bomb"). As a prerequisite for exploring cyanogenic plants as hosts, herbivores have evolved mechanisms to overcome cyanogenic defenses. Mammals metabolize cyanide to thiocyanate by rhodaneses. In arthropods, both rhodaneses and β-cyanoalanine synthases which transfer cyanide to cysteine contribute to cyanide detoxification. However, based on enzyme activity tests some arthropod species possess only one of these activities, and some possess both. Recently, cloning and characterization of first arthropod β-cyanoalanine synthases provided evidence for their involvement in cyanide detoxification. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that they have been recruited from microbial symbionts. Investigations with Zygaena filipendulae revealed that the avoidance of cyanide release is the primary mode of overcoming cyanide in this specialist. Some herbivores are able to sequester, de novo synthesize, and store cyanogenic glucosides for their defense and as nitrogen source. Thus, herbivores have evolved various mechanisms to counteract host plant cyanide defenses. These mechanisms are likely to have played a key role in the evolution of plant-herbivore interactions as well as in speciation and diversification of arthropods.

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