Rhodanine as a scaffold in drug discovery: a critical review of its biological activities and mechanisms of target modulation

Abstract

The biological activity of compounds possessing a rhodanine moiety should be considered very critically despite the convincing data obtained in biological assays. In addition to the lack of selectivity, unusual structure-activity relationship profiles and safety and specificity problems mean that rhodanines are generally not optimizable.

Screening of the antiviral activity in the range of C5 and N3 substituted 4-thiazolidinone derivatives

“…to the market. Thus, 4-thiazolidinones are considered as examples of privileged heterocycles in modern medical/pharmaceutical chemistry [5]. The "classical" directions in the area of development of drug-like small molecules among 4-thiazolidinones are the search of new antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral agents.…”

“…It should be also noted that 5-ylidene-4-thiazolidinone-3-carboxylic acids are among the preferred hitcompounds when using various in silico approaches with the subsequent experimental confirmation of the high affinity level to numerous biological targets [9]. Such findings are often criticized because of reffering 4-thiazolidiones to the so-called "frequent hitters" or "pan assay interference compounds (PAINS)" ("frequent hits" are compounds assigned as high-affinity ligands to the set of biotargets and tend to have a low specificity) [5,10,11]. Although, the debate of the importance of such approach remains open.…”

The Synthesis and Anti-Bacterial Activities of N-carboxymethyl Rhodanines

“…The anti-microbial activity of rhodanines has been known for over 50 years, and numerous studies have been reported involving the design and synthesis of anti-bacterial agents based on this heterocycle [36][37][38][39]. Furthermore, there has been a recent increase in the number of reports concerning the anti-bacterial activities of N-carboxymethyl rhodanines (Figure 1).…”

Thiazolidinedione or Rhodanine: A Study on Synthesis and Anticancer Activity Comparison of Novel Thiazole Derivatives

“…TZDs, which are anti-cancer therapeutics for the most common types of cancers including, lung, breast, and colon, have been explored for the PPAR-γ-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which TZDs exert their antitumor effects (5). Rhodanines have been reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, insecticidal, herbicidal, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and cardiotonic activities (6)(7). Besides, rhodanine derivatives are still broadly evaluated for their anticancer activity against different cancer cell lines, often exhibiting selective toxicity against normal cell lines (8)(9)(10).…”