Rhodopsin coexpression in UV photoreceptors of <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> mosquitoes

Hu, Xiaobang; Leming, Matthew T.; Whaley, Michelle A.; O'Tousa, Joseph E.

doi:10.1242/jeb.096347

Cited by 38 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Unlike its distant cousin Drosophila , Aedes aegypti PRs form a fused rhabdom, and express at least five Rhodopsins (Figure 5E). Recent investigation of the retinal mosaic from Aedes revealed several surprising findings [100–102]: First, there is no apparent stochastic mosaic of ommatidial subtypes, based on Rhodopsin expression in R7 cells. Secondly, the four R7 Rhodopsins (UV, Blue, 2× long-wavelength/Green) are always co-expressed, yet in different combinations, between different regions of the eye.…”

Section: Emerging Design Challenges: Retinal Bands and Stripesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary diversity of insect retinal mosaics: common design principles and emerging molecular logic

2015

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Independent evolution has resulted in a vast diversity of eyes. Despite the lack of a common Bauplan or ancestral structure, similar developmental strategies are used. For instance, different classes of photoreceptor cells (PRs) are distributed stochastically and/or localized in different regions of the retina. Here we focus on recent progress made towards understanding the molecular principles behind patterning retinal mosaics of insects, one of the most diverse groups of animals adapted to life on land, in the air, under water, or on the water surface. Morphological, physiological, and behavioral studies from many species provide detailed descriptions of the vast variation in retinal design and function. By integrating this knowledge with recent progress in the characterization of insect Rhodopsins as well as insight from the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, we seek to identify the molecular logic behind the adaptation of retinal mosaics to an animal’s habitat and way of life.

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Section: Emerging Design Challenges: Retinal Bands and Stripesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary diversity of insect retinal mosaics: common design principles and emerging molecular logic

2015

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“…Therefore only the activity of Aaop7 or the Rh1 control rhodopsin was represented in the ERG response (Ahmad et al, 2006). The Aaop7-and the Rh1-expressing Drosophila were then subjected to ERG analysis as described previously (Hu et al, 2014). Narrow band pass and neutral density filters (Oriel, Stratford, CT) were used to attenuate a 1000 W tungsten light source (Oriel, Irvine, CA) so that the flies could be exposed to light stimuli of comparable photon content (20 μE m −2 s −1…”

Section: Spectral Analysis By Erg Recordingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three of these groups are labeled as long-wavelength (>500 nm), short-wavelength (400-500 nm), and UV-sensitive rhodopsin (<400 nm), and two of these groups contain uncharacterized family members. We previously characterized the patterns of rhodopsin expression in the adult Aedes compound eye (Hu et al, 2009(Hu et al, , 2011(Hu et al, , 2012(Hu et al, , 2014. These studies revealed features of the visual system in Aedes that were not predicted from study of other invertebrate models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and light-triggered movement of rhodopsins in the larval visual system of mosquitoes

Rocha

Kimler

Leming

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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During the larval stages, the visual system of the mosquito Aedes aegypti contains five stemmata, often referred to as larval ocelli, positioned laterally on each side of the larval head. Here we show that stemmata contain two photoreceptor types, distinguished by the expression of different rhodopsins. The rhodopsin Aaop3 (GPROP3) is expressed in the majority of the larval photoreceptors. There are two small clusters of photoreceptors located within the satellite and central stemmata that express the rhodopsin Aaop7 (GPROP7) instead of Aaop3. Electroretinogram analysis of transgenic Aaop7 Drosophila indicates that Aaop3 and Aaop7, both classified as longwavelength rhodopsins, possess similar but not identical spectral properties. Light triggers an extensive translocation of Aaop3 from the photosensitive rhabdoms to the cytoplasmic compartment, whereas light-driven translocation of Aaop7 is limited. The results suggest that these photoreceptor cell types play distinct roles in larval vision. An additional component of the larval visual system is the adult compound eye, which starts to develop at the anterior face of the larval stemmata during the 1st instar stage. The photoreceptors of the developing compound eye show rhodopsin expression during the 4th larval instar stage, consistent with indications from previous reports that the adult compound eye contributes to larval and pupal visual capabilities.

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“…In these instances opsin co-expression is thought to broaden the spectral sensitivity of the photoreceptor. A number of examples come from insect photoreceptors (Kitamoto et al, 1998;Arikawa et al, 2003;SisonMangus et al, 2006;Mazzoni et al, 2008;Hu et al, 2014). The small VE photoreceptors in Limulus provide another example.…”

Section: The Three Visible Light-sensitive Opsins In Limulus Mes Are mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opsins inLimuluseyes: Characterization of three visible light-sensitive opsins unique to and co-expressed in median eye photoreceptors and a peropsin/RGR that is expressed in all eyes

Battelle

Kempler

Saraf

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The eyes of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus have long been used for studies of basic mechanisms of vision, and the structure and physiology of Limulus photoreceptors have been examined in detail. Less is known about the opsins Limulus photoreceptors express. We previously characterized a UV opsin (LpUVOps1) that is expressed in all three types of Limulus eyes (lateral compound eyes, median ocelli and larval eyes) and three visible light-sensitive rhabdomeric opsins (LpOps1, -2 and -5) that are expressed in Limulus lateral compound and larval eyes. Physiological studies showed that visible light-sensitive photoreceptors are also present in median ocelli, but the visible light-sensitive opsins they express were unknown. In the current study we characterize three newly identified, visible lightsensitive rhabdomeric opsins (LpOps6, -7 and -8) that are expressed in median ocelli. We show that they are ocellar specific and that all three are co-expressed in photoreceptors distinct from those expressing LpUVOps1. Our current findings show that the pattern of opsin expression in Limulus eyes is much more complex than previously thought and extend our previous observations of opsin coexpression in visible light-sensitive Limulus photoreceptors. We also characterize a Limulus peropsin/RGR (LpPerOps1). We examine the phylogenetic relationship of LpPerOps1 with other peropsins and RGRs, demonstrate that LpPerOps1 transcripts are expressed in each of the three types of Limulus eyes and show that the encoded protein is expressed in membranes of cells closely associated with photoreceptors in each eye type. These finding suggest that peropsin was in the opsin repertoire of euchelicerates.

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Rhodopsin coexpression in UV photoreceptors of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

The evolutionary diversity of insect retinal mosaics: common design principles and emerging molecular logic

The evolutionary diversity of insect retinal mosaics: common design principles and emerging molecular logic

Expression and light-triggered movement of rhodopsins in the larval visual system of mosquitoes

Opsins inLimuluseyes: Characterization of three visible light-sensitive opsins unique to and co-expressed in median eye photoreceptors and a peropsin/RGR that is expressed in all eyes

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