Rhythms of Human Performance

Waterhouse, Jim; Minors, D.S.; Åkerstedt, Torbjörn; Reilly, Thomas; Atkinson, Greg

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1201-1_22

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…2; more hunger before the meal that is eaten after day-work, and they are more likely to choose a hot meal. When the general characteristics of Morning-and Evening-types are compared, this result accords with those from a previous study (Waterhouse et al, 2001). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Food Intake Behavior and Chronotype of Japanese Nurses Working Irregular Shifts

Nagashima¹,

Masutani²,

Wakamura³

2014

IJPS

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Shift work is the popular working pattern in many fields in industrialized nations. However, the shift worker does not pay much attention to his (her) own health. It is known that shift work has strong associations with various diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between food intake and chronotype in Japanese nurses working an irregular rotation of shifts. This questionnaire-based study used a cross-sectional design. Participants were nurses working in several hospitals, data from 159 respondents being analyzed. The questionnaire covered demographics, the Diurnal Type Scale (DTS) and a Food Intake Questionnaire (FIQ). The DTS scores were classified into three chronotype groups: modified Morning-type (M-type), modified Evening-type (E-type) and modified Intermediate-type (I-type). For food intake behavior, meal habits of the M-types were compared with the E-types before / after day-and night-work. In the morning, just after the night-shift, the M-types chose cold food more frequently (p = .016) and felt less satiated after the meal (p = .016) than the E-types. Furthermore, the E-types chose significantly larger meals (p = .023) than the M-types, the M-types snacking more frequently. Chronotype was associated with the food intake behavior both in day-and night-shift. These results suggest that the Morning-type person suffered more inconvenience with regard to food intake behavior during night-work.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Food Intake Behavior and Chronotype of Japanese Nurses Working Irregular Shifts

Nagashima¹,

Masutani²,

Wakamura³

2014

IJPS

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“…Internal desynchronization of circadian rhythms is a common feature in most circadian pathologies, including those associated with aging, seasonal affective disorder, jet lag, nocturnal shift work, and work under non-24-h LD cycles (6,28). Our findings in the forced desynchronized rat indicate that desynchronization of circadian rhythms within the same individual could emerge from uncoupling of neuronal oscillators within the SCN itself and may represent an entrée to explore potential treatments for these ailments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Circadian desynchronization of core body temperature and sleep stages in the rat

Cambras

Weller

Anglès-Pujoràs

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

101

102

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Proper functioning of the human circadian timing system is crucial to physical and mental health. Much of what we know about this system is based on experimental protocols that induce the desynchronization of behavioral and physiological rhythms within individual subjects, but the neural (or extraneural) substrates for such desynchronization are unknown. We have developed an animal model of human internal desynchrony in which rats are exposed to artificially short (22-h) light-dark cycles. Under these conditions, locomotor activity, sleep-wake, and slow-wave sleep (SWS) exhibit two rhythms within individual animals, one entrained to the 22-h light-dark cycle and the other free-running with a period >24 h ( >24 h). Whereas core body temperature showed two rhythms as well, further analysis indicates this variable oscillates more according to the >24 h rhythm than to the 22-h rhythm, and that this oscillation is due to an activity-independent circadian regulation. Paradoxical sleep (PS), on the other hand, shows only one freerunning rhythm. Our results show that, similarly to humans, (i) circadian rhythms can be internally dissociated in a controlled and predictable manner in the rat and (ii) the circadian rhythms of sleep-wake and SWS can be desynchronized from the rhythms of PS and core body temperature within individual animals. This model now allows for a deeper understanding of the human timekeeping mechanism, for testing potential therapies for circadian dysrhythmias, and for studying the biology of PS and SWS states in a neurologically intact model.

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“…Many aspects of cognitive and physical performance show circadian rhythms (see reviews of Carrier & Monk, 2000;Colquhoun, 1971;Dagan & Doljansky, 2006;Johnson et al, 1992;Monk, 1992;Monk et al, 1983;Reilly & Waterhouse, 2004;Reilly et al, 1997;Waterhouse et al, 2001). For simple movements and mental tasks, these rhythms tend to be synchronous with core temperature, and a causal link has often been considered (e.g., Wilkinson et al, 1964;Wright et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effects of Circadian Rhythmicity and Time‐Awake on a Simple Motor Task

Edwards

Waterhouse

Reilly

2007

Chronobiology International

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The aim of the study was to assess if a simple motor task, one that required muscle contractions well below maximum, showed evidence of circadian changes and time-awake. The task consisted of using a larger counter to flick a number of smaller counters to land as near as possible to the center of a target. The closer a counter landed next to the center of the target, the higher the score obtained. Two distances from the target were used (long and short), and 20 counters were flicked at each distance. The task was performed by 72 diurnally active healthy participants at six test sessions distributed every 4 h throughout the day (08:00 h, 12:00 h, ... , 04:00 h), so covering a circadian cycle. When performing the sessions, subjects had been awake for about 1, 4, ... , 20 h. Before each test session, sublingual temperature was measured, and estimates of the individual's fatigue and alertness were made. Clear normally phased circadian rhythms (p<0.0001) in oral temperature and alertness with mean peak time (i.e., acrophases of 17.2 h and 15.9 h, respectively) and fatigue (i.e., mean acrophase of 3.4 h) were detected. The total scores for both the long and short distances also showed circadian rhythms that peaked slightly before the temperature rhythm (by 2.31+/-0.91 h and 1.77+/-0.77 h, mean+/-SE, respectively), and the number of occasions that the target was missed altogether showed rhythms that were in anti-phase (mean acrophases=3.8 h and 4.1 h for the long and short distances, respectively) to that of total scores (mean acrophases=16.0 h and 15.2 h for the long and short distances, respectively). With the long and, particularly, short distances, there were generally significant correlations (r<0.0005) between both the measures of accuracy (total score and number of misses) and body temperature and time-awake. The accuracy of performance at this task seems to show circadian and time-awake effects, and so makes it of potential value in protocols where repetitive measurements during the course of a day are required.

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Rhythms of Human Performance

Cited by 30 publications

References 135 publications

Food Intake Behavior and Chronotype of Japanese Nurses Working Irregular Shifts

Food Intake Behavior and Chronotype of Japanese Nurses Working Irregular Shifts

Circadian desynchronization of core body temperature and sleep stages in the rat

The Effects of Circadian Rhythmicity and Time‐Awake on a Simple Motor Task

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