Riboflavin Affects Anthocyanin Synthesis in Nitrogen Culture using Strawberry Suspended Cells

Mori, Tsukasa; Sakurai, Minoru

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb12184.x

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although plants can synthesize RIB, levels vary widely in different organs and during different stages of development (Weimar and Neims 1975;Sierra and VidalValverde 1999), suggesting that changes in RIB levels may have physiological effects (Mori and Sakurai 1996). Foliar application of RIB induces defense responses to pathogens (Dong and Beer 2000;de Souza et al 2006;Taheri and Höfte 2006;Zhang et al 2009;Taheri and Tarighi, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Down-regulation of free riboflavin content induces hydrogen peroxide and a pathogen defense in Arabidopsis

Deng

Sun

et al. 2011

Plant Mol Biol

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Riboflavin mediates many bioprocesses associated with the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a cellular signal that regulates defense responses in plants. Although plants can synthesize riboflavin, the levels vary widely in different organs and during different stages of development, indicating that changes in riboflavin levels may have physiological effects. Here, we show that changing riboflavin content affects H₂O₂ accumulation and a pathogen defense in Arabidopsis thaliana. Leaf content of free riboflavin was modulated by ectopic expression of the turtle gene encoding riboflavin-binding protein (RfBP). The RfBP-expressing Arabidopsis thaliana (REAT) plants produced the RfBP protein that possessed riboflavin-binding activity. Compared with the wild-type plant, several tested REAT lines had >70% less flavins of free form. This change accompanied an elevation in the level of H₂O₂ and an enhancement of plant resistance to a bacterial pathogen. All the observed REAT characters were eliminated due to RfBP silencing (RfBPi) under REAT background. When an H₂O₂ scavenger was applied, H₂O₂ level declined in all the plants, and REAT no longer exhibited the phenotype of resistance enhancement. However, treatment with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor diminished H₂O₂ content and pathogen defense in wild-type and RfBPi but not in REAT. Our results suggest that the intrinsic down-regulation of free flavins is responsible for NADPH oxidase-independent H₂O₂ accumulation and the pathogen defense.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Down-regulation of free riboflavin content induces hydrogen peroxide and a pathogen defense in Arabidopsis

Deng

Sun

et al. 2011

Plant Mol Biol

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“…Plants can synthesize riboflavin while the levels vary widely in different organs and during different stages of development, suggesting that changes in riboflavin levels may cause physiological effects [2,4,5]. Foliar application of riboflavin increases the intrinsic concentrations of all flavins (riboflavin, FMN, and FAD), alters cellular redox, and induces defense responses to pathogens [6–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), essential cofactors for many metabolic enzymes implicated in multiple cellular processes [ 1 – 3 ]. Plants can synthesize riboflavin while the levels vary widely in different organs and during different stages of development, suggesting that changes in riboflavin levels may cause physiological effects [ 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Foliar application of riboflavin increases the intrinsic concentrations of all flavins (riboflavin, FMN, and FAD), alters cellular redox, and induces defense responses to pathogens [ 6 – 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of leaf flavin content induces early flowering and photoperiod gene expression in Arabidopsis

Zhu

Tian

et al. 2014

BMC Plant Biol

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BackgroundRiboflavin is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), essential cofactors for many metabolic enzymes that catalyze a variety of biochemical reactions. Previously we showed that free flavin (riboflavin, FMN, and FAD) concentrations were decreased in leaves of transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a turtle riboflavin-binding protein (RfBP). Here, we report that flavin downregulation by RfBP induces the early flowering phenotype and enhances expression of floral promoting photoperiod genes.ResultsEarly flowering was a serendipitous phenomenon and was prudently characterized as a constant phenotype of RfBP-expressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants in both long days and short days. The phenotype was eliminated when leaf free flavins were brought back to the steady-state levels either by the RfBP gene silencing and consequently nullified production of the RfBP protein, or by external riboflavin feeding treatment. RfBP-induced early flowering was correlated with enhanced expression of floral promoting photoperiod genes and the florigen gene FT in leaves but not related to genes assigned to vernalization, autonomous, and gibberellin pathways, which provide flowering regulation mechanisms alternative to the photoperiod. RfBP-induced early flowering was further correlated with increased expression of the FD gene encoding bZIP transcription factor FD essential for flowering time control and the floral meristem identity gene AP1 in the shoot apex. By contrast, the expression of FT and photoperiod genes in leaves and the expression of FD and AP1 in the shoot apex were no longer enhanced when the RfBP gene was silenced, RfBP protein production canceled, and flavin concentrations were elevated to the steady-state levels inside plant leaves.ConclusionsToken together, our results provide circumstantial evidence that downregulation of leaf flavin content by RfBP induces early flowering and coincident enhancements of genes that promote flowering through the photoperiod pathway.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-014-0237-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Further research is needed to explain the abundant accumulation of riboflavin in the roots of M. charantia . The levels of riboflavin varied widely in different organs and during fruit maturation, suggesting that changes in riboflavin levels may exert physiological effects on M. charantia . , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The levels of riboflavin varied widely in different organs and during fruit maturation, suggesting that changes in riboflavin levels may exert physiological effects on M. charantia. 7,29 A significant amount of riboflavin (31.4 μg/g) was found in the ripening fruits of M. charantia. The ripening fruits of M. charantia are also rich in β-carotene, which is the precursor of vitamin A, 30 and have been used in folk medicine for a long time.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Riboflavin Accumulation and Characterization of cDNAs Encoding Lumazine Synthase and Riboflavin Synthase in Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia)

Tuấn

Kim

Lee

et al. 2012

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is the universal precursor of the coenzymes flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide--cofactors that are essential for the activity of a wide variety of metabolic enzymes in animals, plants, and microbes. Using the RACE PCR approach, cDNAs encoding lumazine synthase (McLS) and riboflavin synthase (McRS), which catalyze the last two steps in the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway, were cloned from bitter melon (Momordica charantia), a popular vegetable crop in Asia. Amino acid sequence alignments indicated that McLS and McRS share high sequence identity with other orthologous genes and carry an N-terminal extension, which is reported to be a plastid-targeting sequence. Organ expression analysis using quantitative real-time RT PCR showed that McLS and McRS were constitutively expressed in M. charantia, with the strongest expression levels observed during the last stage of fruit ripening (stage 6). This correlated with the highest level of riboflavin content, which was detected during ripening stage 6 by HPLC analysis. McLS and McRS were highly expressed in the young leaves and flowers, whereas roots exhibited the highest accumulation of riboflavin. The cloning and characterization of McLS and McRS from M. charantia may aid the metabolic engineering of vitamin B2 in crops.

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Riboflavin Affects Anthocyanin Synthesis in Nitrogen Culture using Strawberry Suspended Cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Down-regulation of free riboflavin content induces hydrogen peroxide and a pathogen defense in Arabidopsis

Down-regulation of free riboflavin content induces hydrogen peroxide and a pathogen defense in Arabidopsis

Downregulation of leaf flavin content induces early flowering and photoperiod gene expression in Arabidopsis

Riboflavin Accumulation and Characterization of cDNAs Encoding Lumazine Synthase and Riboflavin Synthase in Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia)

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