Ribosome inactivating protein saporin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial cascade, independent of translation inhibition

Riproximin’s activity depends on gene expression and sensitizes PDAC cells to TRAIL

“…20 In addition, induction of the mitochondrial-mediated pathways of apoptosis was observed in U937 and NIH 3T3 cells after treatment with the RIPs saporin-6 and ricin, respectively. 21,22 These data are in agreement with the findings of our study.…”

Cytological and Subcellular Response of Cells Exposed to the Type-1 RIP Curcin and its Hemocompatibility Analysis

“…The action mechanism of RIPs have been extremely imperceptible and numerous accounts have been put forth to decipher the same. It was earlier believed that the mortality of cells treated with RIPs or RIP-immunotoxins was a result of protein synthesis inhibition alone with subsequent cellular necrosis, however, a stark similarity between RIP treated cells and cells undergoing apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD) has been observed [17][18][19][20][21] . Jatropha curcas is a well-known and mass cultivated multipurpose plant with immense medicinal value [22][23][24] .…”

Mutants of plant genes for developing cancer vaccines

“…23 Many RIPs are also efficient apoptosis inducers through multiple pathways 15,26,27 and inflammation triggers through leukocyte chemotaxis. 25 Interestingly, all these activities are thought to be independent from the toxicity due to the catalytic activity.…”

“…29 In addition, saporin has been shown to induce cell death via apoptosis independent of translation inhibition in a variety of different cellular models. 27,30 In the present study, we show for the first time that the combination of the E7GGG gene with a non toxic mutant of saporin leaf apoplastic isoform (SAP-KQ) can lead to modulation of E7-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses affecting the growth of E7-expressing tumors in the context of DNA-based vaccination.…”

“…+ and CD8 + T cells, 23 cytokine production, 23,24 inflammation 25 and apoptosis 15,26,27 that have been shown to lead to anti-tumor properties in vivo. 23 Saporins represent a multigene family of single chain (type 1) RIPs produced in various organs of Saponaria officinalis (soapwort).…”