Ribotype analysis of Pseudomonas cepacia from cystic fibrosis treatment centers

Infection Prevention and Control Guideline for Cystic Fibrosis: 2013 Update

“…Several methods have been used to genotype Burkholderia to define the epidemiology of infections in people with CF. 61,[146][147][148][149][150] In the late 1980s, genotyping studies identified common strains in multiple individuals receiving care at the same CF centers, suggesting person-to-person spread. 149 More compelling evidence soon followed.…”

“…61,[146][147][148][149][150] In the late 1980s, genotyping studies identified common strains in multiple individuals receiving care at the same CF centers, suggesting person-to-person spread. 149 More compelling evidence soon followed. Transmission of B. cepacia complex was described at a CF educational retreat 134 and among people with CF attending summer camps.…”

Burkholderia cepacia: medical, taxonomic and ecological issues

“…However, by the early 1990s, the availability of selective culture media [48] and awareness of the organism's cultural idiosyncrasies [56] indicated that regional variation in the prevalence of B. cepacia colonisation could not be explained simply by laboratory methodology. Furthermore, the development and use of bacterial fingerprinting techniques-including multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), pyrolysis mass spectroscopy, PCRribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)-provided compelling evidence for personto-person spread of B. cepacia through nosocomial and social contacts (Table 2) [25, 37,46,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75] and, occasionally, in the absence of proven sputum colonisation [67]. Epidemiological data also provided scientific justification for the introduction of guidelines by national CF organisations to improve personal and hospital hygiene and, more controversially, for the implementation of segregation policies to limit contact between colonised and non-colonised individuals [76].…”

“…Clarification of the clinical relevance of B. cepacia is also thwarted by the fact that the available scientific evidence requires particularly careful analysis. There is an inclination to link bacterial transmissibility and virulence, and to categorise individual B. cepacia Thomassen et al [57] LiPuma et al [58] LiPuma et al [59] Anderson et al [60] Millar-Jones et al [61] Govan et al [62] Smith et al [63] Bingen et al [64] Corkill et al [65] Pegues et al [66] Johnson et al [25] LiPuma et al [67] Ryley et al [68] Sun et al [69] Revets et al [70] Whiteford et al [71] Pitt et al [46] Seminal strains as either transmissible and virulent, or nontransmissible and avirulent. There is no scientific justification for this view.…”

Widespread clone of Burkholderia cenocepacia in cystic fibrosis patients in the Czech Republic

“…For example, strains from the cable-pilus-encoding ET12 lineage have been responsible for epidemic outbreaks in a Toronto CF centre, and subsequently were spread to the UK (Johnson et al, 1994;Sun et al, 1995). Other transmissible strains within B. cenocepacia but distinct from the ET12 lineage have been identified in Canada [strain types designated RAPD 01, 04 and 06 (Speert et al, 2002); belonging to recA-derived subgroup IIIA] and in the USA [PHDC strain (Chen et al, 2001) and Midwest clone (LiPuma et al, 1988); belonging to recA group IIIB]. Recently published data on PHDC and its presence in Europe indicate that transatlantic spread of the Bcc is not a feature exclusive to the ET12 lineage (Coenye et al, 2004).…”