Rice Chlorina-1 and Chlorina-9 encode ChlD and ChlI subunits of Mg-chelatase, a key enzyme for chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development

Zhang, Haitao; Li, Jinjie; Yoo, Jeseon; Yoo, Soo-Cheul; Cho, Sung-Hwan; Koh, Hee‐Jong; Seo, Hak Soo; Paek, Nam‐Chon

doi:10.1007/s11103-006-9024-z

Cited by 252 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

166

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…which has a missense mutation in the CHLD gene, had reduced Chl contents in the mutant leaves (Zhang et al 2006). These results demonstrate that every MgCh subunit is essential in MgCh activity and that this activity is directly linked to the overall activity of Chl synthesis.…”

Section: Magnesium Chelatasementioning

confidence: 66%

Tetrapyrrole Metabolism inArabidopsis thaliana

Tanaka

Kobayashi²,

Masuda

2011

The Arabidopsis Book

226

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This manuscript is dedicated to Prof. Mamoru Mimuro of Kyoto University who passed away in Februay 2011.Higher plants produce four classes of tetrapyrroles, namely, chlorophyll (Chl), heme, siroheme, and phytochromobilin. In plants, tetrapyrroles play essential roles in a wide range of biological activities including photosynthesis, respiration and the assimilation of nitrogen/sulfur. All four classes of tetrapyrroles are derived from a common biosynthetic pathway that resides in the plastid. In this article, we present an overview of tetrapyrrole metabolism in Arabidopsis and other higher plants, and we describe all identified enzymatic steps involved in this metabolism. We also summarize recent findings on Chl biosynthesis and Chl breakdown. Recent advances in this field, in particular those on the genetic and biochemical analyses of novel enzymes, prompted us to redraw the tetrapyrrole metabolic pathways. In addition, we also summarize our current understanding on the regulatory mechanisms governing tetrapyrrole metabolism. The interactions of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and other cellular processes including the plastid-to-nucleus signal transduction are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Magnesium Chelatasementioning

confidence: 66%

Tetrapyrrole Metabolism inArabidopsis thaliana

Tanaka

Kobayashi²,

Masuda

2011

The Arabidopsis Book

226

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Impaired expression of genes encoding one of the subunits of Mg chelatase leads to reduced enzyme activity and to a pale-green phenotype (Jensen et al, 1996b;Papenbrock et al, 2000b;Sawers et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2006). The chlorophyll content in plants that experience a parallel silencing of TRX-F and TRX-M was reduced by 60%, whereas no significant difference in the chlorophyll content was observed in the TRX-F-silenced plants in comparison to the control plants.…”

Section: Redox State Of the Chli Protein In The Leaves Of Vigs Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thioredoxin Redox Regulates ATPase Activity of Magnesium Chelatase CHLI Subunit and Modulates Redox-Mediated Signaling in Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis and Homeostasis of Reactive Oxygen Species in Pea Plants

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The chloroplast thioredoxins (TRXs) function as messengers of redox signals from ferredoxin to target enzymes. In this work, we studied the regulatory impact of pea (Pisum sativum) TRX-F on the magnesium (Mg) chelatase CHLI subunit and the enzymatic activation of Mg chelatase in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, reduced TRX-F activated the ATPase activity of pea CHLI and enhanced the activity of Mg chelatase reconstituted from the three recombinant subunits CHLI, CHLD, and CHLH in combination with the regulator protein GENOMES UNCOUPLED4 (GUN4). Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated that TRX-F physically interacts with CHLI but not with either of the other two subunits or GUN4. In vivo, virus-induced TRX-F gene silencing (VIGS-TRX-F) in pea plants did not result in an altered redox state of CHLI. However, simultaneous silencing of the pea TRX-F and TRX-M genes (VIGS-TRX-F/TRX-M) resulted in partially and fully oxidized CHLI in vivo. VIGS-TRX-F/TRX-M plants demonstrated a significant reduction in Mg chelatase activity and 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesizing capacity as well as reduced pigment content and lower photosynthetic capacity. These results suggest that, in vivo, TRX-M can compensate for a lack of TRX-F and that both TRXs act as important redox regulators of Mg chelatase. Furthermore, the silencing of TRX-F and TRX-M expression also affects gene expression in the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway and leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which may also serve as an additional signal for the transcriptional regulation of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes.

show abstract

“…Magnesium chelatase comprises three subunits (ChlH, ChlD, and ChlI) and catalyzes the insertion of Mg 2+ into protoporphyrin IX, the last common intermediate precursor in both Chl and heme biosyntheses. Jung et al (2003) characterized OsCHLH gene for the OsChlH subunit of magnesium chelatase, and Zhang et al (2006) cloned Chl1 and Chl9 genes encoding the OsChlD and OsChlI subunits of magnesium chelatase. Chl synthase catalyzes esterification of chlorophyllide (Chlide), resulting in the formation of Chl a.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Divinyl Chlorophyll(ide) a Can Be Converted to Monovinyl Chlorophyll(ide) a by a Divinyl Reductase in Rice

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

3,8-Divinyl (proto)chlorophyll(ide) a 8-vinyl reductase (DVR) catalyzes the reduction of 8-vinyl group on the tetrapyrrole to an ethyl group, which is indispensable for monovinyl chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis. So far, three 8-vinyl reductase genes (DVR, bciA, and slr1923) have been characterized from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Chlorobium tepidum, and Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. However, no 8-vinyl reductase gene has yet been identified in monocotyledonous plants. In this study, we isolated a spontaneous mutant, 824ys, in rice (Oryza sativa). The mutant exhibited a yellow-green leaf phenotype, reduced Chl level, arrested chloroplast development, and retarded growth rate. The phenotype of the 824ys mutant was caused by a recessive mutation in a nuclear gene on the short arm of rice chromosome 3. Map-based cloning of this mutant resulted in the identification of a gene (Os03g22780) showing sequence similarity with the Arabidopsis DVR gene (AT5G18660). In the 824ys mutant, nine nucleotides were deleted at residues 952 to 960 in the open reading frame, resulting in a deletion of three amino acid residues in the encoded product. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of Chls indicated the mutant accumulates only divinyl Chl a and b. A recombinant protein encoded by Os03g22780 was expressed in Escherichia coli and found to catalyze the conversion of divinyl chlorophyll(ide) a to monovinyl chlorophyll(ide) a. Therefore, it has been confirmed that Os03g22780, renamed as OsDVR, encodes a functional DVR in rice. Based upon these results, we succeeded to identify an 8-vinyl reductase gene in monocotyledonous plants and, more importantly, confirmed the DVR activity to convert divinyl Chl a to monovinyl Chl a.

show abstract

Rice Chlorina-1 and Chlorina-9 encode ChlD and ChlI subunits of Mg-chelatase, a key enzyme for chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development

Cited by 252 publications

References 37 publications

Tetrapyrrole Metabolism inArabidopsis thaliana

Tetrapyrrole Metabolism inArabidopsis thaliana

Thioredoxin Redox Regulates ATPase Activity of Magnesium Chelatase CHLI Subunit and Modulates Redox-Mediated Signaling in Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis and Homeostasis of Reactive Oxygen Species in Pea Plants

Divinyl Chlorophyll(ide) a Can Be Converted to Monovinyl Chlorophyll(ide) a by a Divinyl Reductase in Rice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About