Rickettsioses in Japan and the Far East

Mahara, Fumihiko

doi:10.1196/annals.1374.007

Cited by 60 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Areas where JSF is endemic are located along the southwestern and central coastal areas of Japan, which have a warmer climate (9). The clinical manifestations (high fever, rash, and tick bite eschar) of JSF are similar to those of TD (3,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

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Significantly Higher Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Patients with Japanese Spotted Fever than in Those with Tsutsugamushi Disease

et al. 2014

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mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Japanese spotted fever (JSF), caused by Rickettsia japonica, was first reported in Japan in 1984 (6)(7)(8)(9). Areas where JSF is endemic are located along the southwestern and central coastal areas of Japan, which have a warmer climate (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Significantly Higher Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Patients with Japanese Spotted Fever than in Those with Tsutsugamushi Disease

et al. 2014

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“…R. japonica is the etiological agent of Japanese spotted fever (JSF), the typical spotted fever identified in southwestern Japan. It is characterized by fever, headache, and the appearance of an eschar and a rash (413 (2,414). The reservoirs may be wild rodents and small carnivores such as feral raccoons (415).…”

Section: Tick-borne Rickettsiae In Asia Species Identified As Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia . These zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. However, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. Several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that were considered nonpathogenic for decades are now associated with human infections, and novel Rickettsia species of undetermined pathogenicity continue to be detected in or isolated from ticks around the world. This remarkable expansion of information has been driven largely by the use of molecular techniques that have facilitated the identification of novel and previously recognized rickettsiae in ticks. New approaches, such as swabbing of eschars to obtain material to be tested by PCR, have emerged in recent years and have played a role in describing emerging tick-borne rickettsioses. Here, we present the current knowledge on tick-borne rickettsiae and rickettsioses using a geographic approach toward the epidemiology of these diseases.

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“…Common symptoms include headache, high fever, and shaking chills. Other major objective signs of JSF in humans include skin eruptions and tick bite eschar (13). Although some domestic and wild animals are suspected to be involved in JSF epidemiology, little is known about JSF reservoir animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Rickettsia japonica Pathogenesis and Reservoir Potential in Dogs by Experimental Inoculation and Epidemiologic Survey

Inokuma

Matsuda

Sakamoto

et al. 2011

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Rickettsia japonica pathogenesis and reservoir potential in dogs were evaluated by both experimental inoculation and epidemiologic survey. In the experimental inoculation study, dogs 1 and 2 were pretreated with an immunosuppressive dose of cyclosporine 14 days before inoculation and became ill after exposure to R. japonica. Dogs exhibited clinical signs, including fever, anorexia, depression, and decreased water consumption, between 36 and 96 h after inoculation, but these signs disappeared spontaneously by 5 days after inoculation. Dogs 3 and 4 were not pretreated with cyclosporine, and no clinical signs were detected in them throughout the 14-day observation period. The control dog was clinically normal and had a normal rectal temperature throughout the study period. We attempted to detect rickettsial DNA from peripheral blood and aspiration samples from kidney and spleen by nested PCR, but all samples examined were negative. The control dog lacked detectable titers to R. japonica antigen on day 14, while positive antibodies to R. japonica were detected in all four experimentally infected dogs, with titers of 1:160 to 1:80. In the epidemiologic survey, 24 (1.8%) of the 1,363 dogs examined throughout Japan had antibodies against R. japonica, with titers of 1:40 or more. However, we observed neither clinical signs at the time of sample collection nor nested PCR results indicative of rickettsial infection in these dogs. In conclusion, dogs in Japan can be exposed to R. japonica, and infected dogs with immunosuppressive conditions can temporarily develop clinical symptoms, including fever, anorexia, depression, and decreased water consumption.

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Rickettsioses in Japan and the Far East

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

Significantly Higher Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Patients with Japanese Spotted Fever than in Those with Tsutsugamushi Disease

Significantly Higher Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Patients with Japanese Spotted Fever than in Those with Tsutsugamushi Disease

Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

Evaluation of Rickettsia japonica Pathogenesis and Reservoir Potential in Dogs by Experimental Inoculation and Epidemiologic Survey

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