Riders on the storm: the role of populism in the global crisis of democracy and in the functioning of electoral autocracies

Abstract

It is my contention that populism could be an appropriate framework to describe, explain and connect the phenomena of global crisis of democracy and functioning of electoral autocracies. In order to substantiate this claim, with the method of literature review, I examine first the characteristics of these phenomena. Then I focus on the nature of the relationship between them, in particular on the complex system of new types of autocracies’ stability, in which populism could play a crucial role. Populism, understood as an autocratic (re-)interpretation of democracy and representation, could be a particularly dangerous Trojan Horse for democracy. First and foremost, because its idea of a single, homogeneous and authentic people that can be legitimately represented only by the populist leader is a moralised form of antipluralism which is contrary to the pluralist approach of democracy (i.e. polyarchy). For precisely this reason, populism could play a key role in autocracies, especial in electoral autocracies which may use its core elements. Namely, the Manichean worldview, the image of a homogeneous people, people-centrism and the autocratic notion of representation are very compatible with electoral autocracies, since these regimes hold general elections and their power is built largely upon the alleged will of the people. By using populism, it is possible for these regimes to camouflage and even legitimise their autocratic trends and exercise of power behind the formally multi-party but not fair elections and democratic façade. As a radical turn towards closed autocracies (without de facto multiparty elections) would be too expensive, electoral autocrats need manipulated multi-party elections and other plebiscite techniques that could serve as quasi-democratic legitimation. Because of this, they tend to use the political logic of populism which could transform political contestation to a life- and- death struggle and provides quasi-democratic legitimation and other important cognitive functions. Therefore, populist electoral autocracies, as a paradigmatic type of electoral autocracies, could remain with us for a long time, giving more and more tasks to researchers, especially in the Central and Eastern European region.

Talk or something more? COVID-19 and youth discourses of participation

“…In Hungary, strong de-democratisation processes have been taking place since 2010 (e.g. Benedek, 2021;L€ uhrmann and Lindberg, 2019;K€ or€ os enyi et al, 2020;Bogaards, 2018). Even before the 2018 and 2022 parliamentary elections, only one social group, the young, appeared to be the real opposition to the authoritarian system that had been established.…”

Conspiracy Theories and Populism: Analyzing the Trumpian Embrace of Conspiracy Narratives as a Political Instrument

“…This identity, which arises from a break within society, is unfixed, allowing for its continuous reconstruction. Comparably, István Benedek (2021) writes in a study of electoral autocracies, that populism is a symptom of failure in democracies. Modern democracies have become overly bureaucratized systems, with no real political alternatives, while globalization has created a world order where nation states are more and more powerless in certain areas of policymaking due to the immense economic and political influence of corporations.…”