“…Much of the communication is dependent on the body-to-body interfaces of the horse's back, sides, and mouth; and the rider's seat (seat bones and crutch); legs; and hands, respectively, which are instantly activated when horse and rider engage in mutual movement (Game, 2001;Birke, 2009;Dashper, 2016). In equestrian communication, both horse and rider respond primarily to movements in different parts of the other's body (Keaveney, 2008;Wolframm, 2014).…”