Rifampicin-Loaded Nanotransferosomal Gel for Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Passive Targeting Via Topical Route

Abstract

Aim: In this study, the targeting of rifampicin (RIF)-loaded nanotransfersomes (NTs) incorporated in chitosan gel for leishmania-infected macrophages via the topical route was investigated. Materials & methods: NTs were prepared through a thin-film hydration process and incorporated into chitosan gel. Results: The mean particle size of the NTs was 190 nm, with 83% encapsulation efficiency. The permeation rate of the NTs was threefold higher than that of the RIF solution. The NTs improved cellular internalization via passive targeting, which was confirmed by macrophage uptake evaluation. A low IC50 value, flow cytometry analysis and in vivo study demonstrated the RIF-loaded NTs enhanced apoptosis and had better antileishmanial effects. Conclusion: RIF-loaded NT gel could be a fitting carrier for the delivery of antileishmanial drugs in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Ibuprofen-Loaded Chitosan–Lipid Nanoconjugate Hydrogel with Gum Arabic: Green Synthesis, Characterisation, In Vitro Kinetics Mechanistic Release Study and PGE2 Production Test

“…Chitosan (CS) plays an important role as a rheological modifier in IBU release and its penetration into the receiver part of the Franz cells. In addition, the bioadhesive characteristics of chitosan improve drug retention at the site of application and prolong the release rate of the incorporated drug [ 44 ]. A similar result was found in the study conducted by Abioye et al [ 18 ] aimed at developing a chitosan–ibuprofen–gellan nanogel, where the chitosan provides controlled release of IBU in the nanogel.…”

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of SLN-Loaded Thermoresponsive Hydrogel System of Topotecan as Biological Macromolecule for Colorectal Delivery

“…A sample of the test formulation was diluted suitably and adsorbed on carbon-coated copper grid. The surface adsorbed test formulation was negatively stained with a drop of 1% phosphotungstic acid followed by drying at room temperature [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Chitosan Contribution to Therapeutic and Vaccinal Approaches for the Control of Leishmaniasis

“…A clinical study including patients affected by L. tropica and having received a drug combination rifampicin-omeprazole appeared successful, but this study did not include patients treated with rifampicin alone [ 51 ]. Considering these controversial data obtained by parenteral route, a topical application was prepared consisting of rifampicin (RIF)-loaded nanotransferosomes (NTs) incorporated in a chitosan gel [ 52 ]. The particle size was 190 nm, with an 83% encapsulation efficiency.…”

“…The particle size was 190 nm, with an 83% encapsulation efficiency. Some advantages have been observed by using this formulation such as a three times higher permeation rate than the RIF solution, an enhanced macrophage uptake, and better in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activities making this formulation worthy of further studies [ 52 ].…”