Rift Valley Fever Outbreak, Southern Mauritania, 2012

Sow, Abdourahmane; Faye, Ousmane; Bâ, Yamar; Ba, Hampathé; Diallo, Diawo; Faye, Oumar; Loucoubar, Cheikh; Boushab, M.B.; Barry, Yahya; Diallo, Mawlouth; Sall, Amadou Alpha

doi:10.3201/eid2002.131000

Cited by 60 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The first major human epidemic occurred in 1951 in South Africa [6]. Since then, multiple outbreaks have been reported in different parts of Africa and the Middle East, notably in Egypt (1977, 2003) [8, 9], Kenya (1997–1998, 2006–2007) [10, 11], Tanzania (2007) [12], Somalia (2007), Saudi Arabia and Yemen (2000–2001) [4, 13], Sudan (2007, 2010) [7, 13], Mayotte (2008) [8], and Mauritania (1987, 1993–1994, 1998, 2003, 2010, 2012) [3, 9–13]. …”

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confidence: 99%

Severe Human Illness Caused by Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mauritania, 2015

Boushab

Fall-Malick

Baba³

et al. 2016

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background.Rift Valley Fever epizootics are characterized by numerous abortions and mortality among young animals. In humans, the illness is usually characterized by a mild self-limited febrile illness, which could progress to more serious complications.Objectives. The aim of the present prospective study was to describe severe clinical signs and symptoms of Rift Valley Fever in southern Mauritania.Patients and methods.Suspected cases were enrolled in Kiffa (Assaba) and Aleg (Brakna) Hospital Centers from September 1 to November 7, 2015, based on the presence of fever, hemorrhagic or meningoencephalitic syndromes, and probable contact with sick animals. Suspected cases were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results.There were thirty-one confirmed cases. The sex ratio M/F and the average age were 2.9 and 25 years old [range, 4-70 years old], respectively. Mosquito bites, direct contact with aborted or dead animals, and frequent ingestion of milk from these animals were risk factors observed in all patients. Hemorrhagic and neurological manifestations were observed in 81% and 13% of cases, respectively. The results of laboratory analysis showed high levels of transaminases, creatinine, and urea associated with thrombocytopenia, anemia, and leukopenia. All patients who died (42%) had a hemorrhagic syndrome and 3 of them had a neurological complication. Among the cured patients, none had neurologic sequelae.Conclusion.The hemorrhagic form was the most common clinical manifestation of RVF found in southern Mauritania and was responsible for a high mortality rate. Our results justify the implementation of a continuous epidemiological surveillance.

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confidence: 99%

Severe Human Illness Caused by Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mauritania, 2015

Boushab

Fall-Malick

Baba³

et al. 2016

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…Since its identification in 1931, major epidemics have occurred in African countries most notably South Africa in 1951,6 Egypt in 1977 and 2003,7 Kenya in 1997, 1998 and 2006–2007,8 Tanzania in 2007,9 Sudan in 2007,10 Mayotte in 200811 and Mauritania in 2010–201212 13 In 2000, RVF cases were confirmed in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, making the first report of the disease outside Africa and raising concerns of possible extension to other parts in Asia and Europe 14…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural pathology of human liver in Rift Valley fever

et al. 2016

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease that primarily affects ruminant animals and can also cause fatal disease in humans. In the current report, we present the ultrastructural changes in the liver of a man aged 60 years who died from RVF in the Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The main hepatic changes by transmission electron microscopy included the presence of 95-115 nm electron-dense particles consistent with RVF virions, nuclear condensation, vacuolar degeneration, lipid droplet accumulation and mitochondrial damage and dilation. There were also viral inclusion bodies with electron-dense aggregates, dilation of intercellular spaces, damage of sinusoidal microvilli with widening of space of Disse, dilation of bile canaliculi and increasing number of phagolysosomes.

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“…RVF is a transboundary disease, and recent outbreaks were reported in Niger and Uganda [2016, 11,13], Mauritania (2010, 2012–2015, 14,15,16), Senegal (2013/14) and South Africa and Namibia (2008–2011, 17,18,19,20), Kenya, Tanzania and Somalia in 2006 [21,22]. High number of deaths among humans and livestock were reported during these outbreaks [11]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus in domestic ruminants and African Buffaloes in Mozambique shows need for intensified surveillance

Moiane

Mapaco

Thompson

et al. 2017

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Introduction: Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an arthropod-borne disease that affects both animals and humans. RVF phlebovirus (RVFPV) is widespread in Africa and Arabian Peninsula. In Mozambique, outbreaks were reported in South; seroprevalence studies performed in livestock and water buffaloes were limited to central and south regions. We evaluated the seroprevalence of RVFPV among domestic ruminants and African buffaloes from 7 of 10 provinces of Mozambique, to understand the distribution of RVFPV and provide data for further RVF control programs. Materials and methods: A total of 1581 blood samples were collected in cattle, 1117 in goats, 85 in sheep and 69 in African buffaloes, between 2013 and 2014, and the obtained sera were analyzed by ELISA. Results and discussion: The overall seroprevalence of RVFPV domestic ruminants and African buffaloes was 25.6%. The highest was observed in cattle (37.3%) and African buffaloes (30.4%), which were higher than in previous studies within Mozambique. In south and central regions, the overall seroprevalences were higher (14.9%–62.4%) than in the north. Conclusion: This study showed the presence of anti-RVFPV antibodies in animals from all sampled provinces, suggesting that RVFPV is actively circulating among domestic ruminants and African buffaloes in Mozambique, therefore surveillance should be intensified.

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Rift Valley Fever Outbreak, Southern Mauritania, 2012

Abstract: Rift Valley Fever Outbreak, Mauritania, 2012

Cited by 60 publications

References 11 publications

Severe Human Illness Caused by Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mauritania, 2015

Severe Human Illness Caused by Rift Valley Fever Virus in Mauritania, 2015

Ultrastructural pathology of human liver in Rift Valley fever

High seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus in domestic ruminants and African Buffaloes in Mozambique shows need for intensified surveillance

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