Right-sided aortic arch and tetralogy of Fallot in humans — a morphological study of 10 cases

Fetal right aortic arch: associated anomalies, genetic anomalies with chromosomal microarray analysis, and postnatal outcome

“…TOF was the most common intracardiac anomalies with RAA, which correlates well with previous reports . Particularly, it was found that almost 45% fetuses with RAA and TOF coexisted with an absence of ductus arterious, which has been reported in postnatal study performed by Craatz et al Early in embryonic development, cardiac neural crest cells migrate into the region of the heart and form the cardiac outflow tracts and the third, fourth and sixth pharyngeal arch arteries . This mechanism may explain the frequent association between RAA and TOF.…”

Coincidence of a right retroaortic circumflex coronary artery and a right-sided aortic arch with a retroesophageal course of the left subclavian artery (arteria lusoria)

“…From the viewpoint of reconstructive vascular surgery, such symptomatic anomalous coronary arteries branching from the pulmonary trunk/arteries have been noted (Backer et al, 1992). Concerning the anomalies of the aortic arch, right-sided aortic arches of the type-N anomaly, such as the present case, often seem to be asymptomatic (Koizumi et al, 1994), whereas type M right-sided aortas (type III-A after Stewart-Edwards) are reported to be accompanied at high frequency by various cardiac malformations, such as tetralogy of Fallot (Glew and Hartnell, 1991;Craatz et al, 2003). The right-sided type N aortas are always accompanied by a retroesophageal aortic diverticulum (Kommerell's diverticulum), which may cause dysphagia and dyspnea (Stö rk et al, 2001;Morel et al, 2002), although no clinical data was available in this case.…”

Tetralogy of Fallot

“…Right aortic arch (RAA) is seen in approximately 25% of patients with TOF [119,120]. Double aortic arch and persistence of the fifth aortic arch and other morphologic variations of vascular rings may be seen in association with TOF [101,121,122].…”