Rigid star-shaped multipodes: molecules designed for molecular reinforcement

Schartel, Bernhard; Stümpflen, Volker; Wendling, J.; Wendorff, Joachim H.; Heitz, Walter; Neuhaus, Ralf

doi:10.1007/bf00656620

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similar scattering diagrams were reported for other star-shaped multipodes [8,9]. Figure 4 gives an example of the DSC diagrams obtained during the second heating runs.…”

Section: Glass Formationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Rigid star-shaped adamantane multipodes

et al. 1998

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The synthesis of star‐shaped adamantane multipodes with rigid branches based on p‐hydroxybenzoic acid is reported. These multipodes are able to crystallize but can also be obtained in the glassy state. They are soluble in various low molar mass organic solvents, in fact, much better than linear rigid molecules of similar length, and they are miscible in polymer matrices up to concentrations of 30 wt%. The multipodes were found to influence the dielectric and mechanical properties of the polymers significantly.

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“…Similar scattering diagrams were reported for other star-shaped multipodes [8,9]. Figure 4 gives an example of the DSC diagrams obtained during the second heating runs.…”

Section: Glass Formationsupporting

confidence: 74%

Rigid star-shaped adamantane multipodes

et al. 1998

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“…Moreover, the flame retardant's improved miscibility is more closely understood, as the group of Wendorff investigated the impact of rigid multipode geometries on polymer matrix miscibility. [ 33,44 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperbranched Rigid Aromatic Phosphorus‐Containing Flame Retardants for Epoxy Resins

Battig

Müller

Bertin

et al. 2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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A rigid aromatic phosphorus‐containing hyperbranched flame retardant structure is synthesized from 10‐(2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐10H‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO‐HQ), tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)phosphine oxide (THPPO), and 1,4‐terephthaloyl chloride (TPC). The resulting poly‐(DOPO‐HQ/THPPO‐terephthalate) (PDTT) is implemented as a flame retardant into an epoxy resin (EP) at a 10 wt% loading. The effects on EP are compared with those of the monomer DOPO‐HQ and triphenylphosphine oxide (OPPh3) as low molar mass flame retardants. The glass transition temperature, thermal decomposition, flammability (reaction to small flame), and burning behavior of the thermosets are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry, UL 94‐burning chamber testing, and cone calorimeter measurements. Although P‐contents are low at only 0.6 wt%, the study aims not at attaining V‐0, but at presenting a proof of principle: Epoxy resinswith PDTT show promising fire performance, exhibiting a 25% reduction in total heat evolved (THE), a 30% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) due to flame inhibition (21% reduction in effective heat of combustion (EHC)), and an increase in Tg at the same time. This study indicates that rigid aromatic hyperbranched polymeric structures offer a promising route toward multifunctional flame retardancy.

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“…However, despite the presence of bulky and rigid adamantane moieties in O‐1:4 and O‐1:1 , which would severely lower the efficiency of crosslinking reactions, no weight loss and the complete disappearance of diethynyl units during curing up to 450 °C suggest that the crosslinking reactions had occurred in high yields. It has been reported that a star‐shaped molecule such as adamantane with the long rodlike arms composed of phenyl units becomes mobile to a certain extent at elevated temperatures 39. This increased mobility is favorable for the crosslinking reaction to proceed in which the reactivity depends on relative orientation of the diethynyl units at the given moment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that a starshaped molecule such as adamantane with the long rodlike arms composed of phenyl units becomes mobile to a certain extent at elevated temperatures. 39 This increased mobility is favorable for the crosslinking reaction to proceed in which the reactivity depends on relative orientation of the diethynyl units at the given moment. This would explain the high crosslinking yield of O-1:4 and O-1:1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensionally and thermally stable polymer, containing disordered graphitic structure and adamantane

Burnham

Roth

Zhou

et al. 2006

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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In an attempt to develop a low‐k interlayer dielectric, adamantane‐diphenyldiethynyl moiety containing oligomer is prepared. Oligomerization of 1,3,5,7‐tetrakis[3/4‐ethynylphenyl]adamantane (4) is accomplished by a Glaser–Hay oxidative coupling with 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene and phenylacetylene end‐capping agent. The CHCl3 soluble oligomer is then thermally treated by step‐curing at 200, 300, 380, and 450 °C for 30 min at each temperature under nitrogen flow to render a shiny void‐free black polymer. TGA analysis indicates that the polymer is stable under nitrogen up to 500 °C with a marginal decomposition up to 800 °C. Solid‐state 13C NMR, Raman scattering, and FTIR are used to characterize the structure of the polymer. The polymer consists of amorphous carbon networks with the adamantane moieties and nanosized graphitic regions (clusters), which are generated from the thermal crosslinking of the diphenyldiethynyl units. It shows a remarkably low linear coefficient of thermal expansion (∼25 ppm/°C), presumably due to the presence of the disordered graphitic structure. Its high density (∼1.21 g/cm3), refractive index (∼1.80 at 632 nm), and Young's modulus (∼17.0 GPa) are also consistent with the interpretation. This study reveals important details about the effect of microscopic structure on the macroscopic properties of the highly crosslinked polymer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6909–6925, 2006

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Rigid star-shaped multipodes: molecules designed for molecular reinforcement

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Rigid star-shaped adamantane multipodes

Rigid star-shaped adamantane multipodes

Hyperbranched Rigid Aromatic Phosphorus‐Containing Flame Retardants for Epoxy Resins

Dimensionally and thermally stable polymer, containing disordered graphitic structure and adamantane

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