Ring vaccination

Abstract

Based on the description of an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a particle model is developed describing the most important properties of this epidemic. Also control measures (mass and ring vaccination) are implemented. This model shows the expected behavior in simulations. Since it is impossible to treat this model analytically, we use ideas of branching processes on two levels to derive a caricature of the particle model. In simulations it is shown that this caricature exhibits similar behavior as the particle system. It is possible to analyze the caricature and, in this way, to obtain expressions for the most important quantities like the reproduction number or the expected final number of infected individuals etc. In this way mass vaccination and ring vaccination can be compared and control strategies can be optimized.

The Structure and Function of Complex Networks

“…In a sense, in fact, this strategy is already in use. The "contact tracing" methods [251] used to control sexually transmitted diseases, and the "ring vaccination" method [181,308] used to control smallpox and foot-andmouth disease are both examples of roughly this type of acquaintance vaccination.…”

Models of foot-and-mouth disease

“…These models were the forerunners of the InterSpread simulation used by DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) in 2001, and have been used by other researchers as a modelling framework (Nielen et al 1996;Jalvingh et al 1999). In addition, Muller et al (2000) proposed a rather theoretical, network-based spatial model, where transmission is either strongly local (between farms that are directly connected in the network) or weakly at random in relation to any other farm. All of these models consider the farm as the basic unit, emphasize the importance of local clustering of cases for the dynamics of the disease, and predict that intensive control of highrisk farms near to the infected premises will be optimal.…”

An Epidemic Model on Small-World Networks and Ring Vaccination

“…But this does not mean the interaction is just locally. In the 1987/1988 outbreak that occurred near Hannover, Germany [2], first two infected farms were discovered. A mass vaccination programme had been applied.…”

“…Therefore, one has to concentrate in vaccinating animals in contact to an infected case. This is called ring vaccination [1,2]. It follows the following procedures:…”