Ripple formation on a nickel electrode during a glow discharge in a solution

Saito, Genya; Hosokai, Sou; Tsubota, Masakatsu; Akiyama, Tomohiro

doi:10.1063/1.4709491

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As a result, there exist cathode spots on the thin wire surface. The localized temperature at the cathode spot is very high (several to tens of thousands o C) which can result in a fast evaporation of cathode material, leaving craters on the cathode surface, which was confirmed by checking the morphology of the thin wire surface after plasma operation [124,125]. Consequently, the evaporated cathode materials will move to the liquid surface and they will be cooled down during the movement and finally quenched in the liquid, leading to the final formation of NPs.…”

Section: Physical Processesmentioning

confidence: 80%

A review of plasma–liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

Chen¹,

Li²,

Li³

2015

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

312

225

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Over the past decades, a new branch of plasma research, the nanomaterial (NM) synthesis by plasma-liquid interactions (PLIs), is rapidly rising, mainly due to the recently developed various plasma sources operated from low to atmospheric pressures. The PLIs provide novel plasma-liquid interfaces where many physical and chemical processes take place. By exploiting these physical and chemical processes, various NMs ranging from noble metal nanoparticles to graphene nanosheets can be easily synthesized. The currently rapid development and increasingly wide utilization of the PLI method naturally lead to an urgent requirement for presenting a general review. This paper reviews the current status of research on plasma-liquid 2 interactions for nanomaterial syntheses. Focus is on the comprehensive understanding of the synthesis process and perceptive opinions on the present issues and future challenges in this subject.

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Section: Physical Processesmentioning

confidence: 80%

A review of plasma–liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

Chen¹,

Li²,

Li³

2015

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

312

225

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“…Nonetheless, hybrid plasma‐liquid systems are producing important contributions to nanomaterial synthesis and surface treatment . In particular, hybrid plasma‐liquid approaches have been used to produce various Cu and Cu‐oxide nanostructures, often leading to mixed phases . In all these cases, the synthesis conditions have differed dramatically in terms of precursors, solution compositions, and plasma configurations/coupling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all these cases, the synthesis conditions have differed dramatically in terms of precursors, solution compositions, and plasma configurations/coupling. For instance, solutions have been made in some cases by adding the K 2 CO 3 or citrate buffer or NaCl in water . Super dehydrated ethanol was also employed as an electrolyte for etching the copper electrode under argon gas atmosphere and resulted in Cu 2 O/CuO‐carbon nanocomposites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra‐small CuO nanoparticles with tailored energy‐band diagram synthesized by a hybrid plasma‐liquid process

Velusamy

Liguori

Macías-Montero

et al. 2017

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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CuO is a versatile p-type material for energy applications capable of imparting diverse functionalities by manipulating its band-energy diagram. We present ultrasmall quantum confined cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) synthesized via a simple one-step environmentally friendly atmospheric pressure microplasma synthesis process. The proposed method, based on the use of a hybrid plasma-liquid cell, enables the synthesis of CuO NPs directly from solid metal copper in ethanol with neither surfactants nor reducing agents. CuO NPs films are then used for the first time in all-inorganic third generation solar cell devices demonstrating highly effective functionalities as blocking layer. K E Y W O R D Sband structure, cupric oxide quantum dots, one step-green synthesis, quantum dots/inorganic solar cells | INTRODUCTIONTransition metal oxides, due to their inertness, stability, raw material abundance, and low-cost, are highly desirable materials for many applications, for example, solar cells, supercapacitors, light emitting diodes, photodetectors, field effect transistors, batteries and bio and gas sensors, among others. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Furthermore, as with other materials, at the nanoscale, metal-oxides can present interesting, important and tunable size-dependent optoelectronic properties. [7,11,12] Metal-oxides are generally characterized by very wide bandgaps, whereas CuO is a p-type low bandgap (∼1.2 eV in bulk form) and nontoxic material. [13][14][15][16][17][18] The possibility of manipulating the CuO bandgap, through quantum confinement, from 1.2 (bulk) to >2 eV [13,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] is an exciting opportunity as it would make CuO a highly versatile and attractive material for a range ofThe copyright line for this article was changed on 20 April, 2017 after original online publication.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. applications; for instance, it would be possible to use CuO nanoparticles with tunable properties as absorber or transport/ blocking layers in photovoltaic devices.Various physical, chemical, and physicochemical techniques have been employed for synthesizing CuO nanostructures with varying size and shape. [16,18,20,23,24] However, these techniques suffer from numerous disadvantages including complex and time consuming steps, high temperatures, inert atmosphere, expensive source materials, toxic organic solvents, and surfactants. [23,25,26] Furthermore, the control of the resulting morphology, crystallinity, and agglomeration of the nanostructures is a significant challenge which demands additional cleaning steps to remove undesired by-products and chemical impurities or residues. [23,[26][27][28][29] The presence of surfactant or ligand chemistries is essential for minimizing particle coalescence and agglomeration during standard colloid synthesis; however, such chemistries impact significantly on the res...

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“…Plasma generation in a liquid is currently being investigated for application in a variety of fields such as nanoparticle synthesis, 1,2 hydrogen production, 3 surface modification, 4 polymerization, 5 and the decomposition of harmful dissolved substances. [6][7][8][9] To establish the technologies for plasma in liquid, plasma diagnosis has become much more important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation temperature of a solution plasma during nanoparticle synthesis

Saito

Nakasugi

Akiyama

2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Excitation temperature of a solution plasma was investigated by spectroscopic measurements to control the nanoparticle synthesis. In the experiments, the effects of edge shielding, applied voltage, and electrode material on the plasma were investigated. When the edge of the Ni electrode wire was shielded by a quartz glass tube, the plasma was uniformly generated together with metallic Ni nanoparticles. The emission spectrum of this electrode contained OH, H-alpha, H-beta, Na, O, and Ni lines. Without an edge-shielded electrode, the continuous infrared radiation emitted at the edge created a high temperature on the electrode surface, producing oxidized coarse particles as a result. The excitation temperature was estimated from the Boltzmann plot. When the voltages were varied at the edge-shielded electrode with low average surface temperature by using different electrolyte concentrations, the excitation temperature of current-concentration spots increased with an increase in the voltage. The size of the Ni nanoparticles decreased at high excitation temperatures. Although the formation of nanoparticles via melting and solidification of the electrode surface has been considered in the past, vaporization of the electrode surface could occur at a high excitation temperature to produce small particles. Moreover, we studied the effects of electrodes of Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, W, Pt, Au, and various alloys of stainless steel and Cu-Ni alloys. With the exception of Ti, the excitation temperatures ranged from 3500 to 5500 K and the particle size depended on both the excitation temperature and electrode-material properties

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Ripple formation on a nickel electrode during a glow discharge in a solution

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

A review of plasma–liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

A review of plasma–liquid interactions for nanomaterial synthesis

Ultra‐small CuO nanoparticles with tailored energy‐band diagram synthesized by a hybrid plasma‐liquid process

Excitation temperature of a solution plasma during nanoparticle synthesis

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