Rising Educational Participation and the Trend to Later Childbearing

Neels, Karel; Murphy, Michael J.; Bhrolcháin, Máire Ní; Beaujouan, Éva

doi:10.1111/padr.12112

Cited by 70 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…On the one hand, the effects of marriage and education are similar, in that they are both important determinants of fertility. Other studies of the UK have also found significant total effects for these factors (Berrington and Pattaro, 2014;Neels et al, 2017;Ní Bhrolcháin and Beaujouan, 2012;Steele et al 2005Steele et al , 2006. Similarly, the fact that we find only a small effect of employment (for our limited scenario) also aligns with prior research which shows that "different levels of labour force participation by females do not necessarily lead to large changes in fertility events" (Aassve et al, 2006, p.781).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Since this birth cohort began their childbearing, there have been a number of changes in the observed associations between childbearing and its most commonly studied socio-economic determinants (Berrington et al 2015;Berrington and Pattaro 2014;Hobcraft 1996;Kneale and Joshi 2008;O'Leary et al 2010;Rendall and Smallwood 2003;Steele et al 2005Steele et al , 2006. The most prominent determinants of UK fertility trends over the last thirty years include an increased participation in higher education among women, an increase in female employment, and a reduction in the prevalence of marriage (Aassve et al, 2006;Berrington and Pattaro, 2014;Chamberlain and Gill 2005;Neels et al, 2017;Ní Bhrolcháin and Beaujouan, 2012;ONS 2016;Sigle-Rushton 2008;Steele et al 2005Steele et al , 2006).…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the socio-economic determinants of fertility: a mediation analysis using the parametric g-formula

Bijlsma¹,

Wilson²

2017

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the socio-economic determinants of fertility: a mediation analysis using the parametric g-formula

Bijlsma¹,

Wilson²

2017

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“…On the one hand, the effects of marriage and education are similar, in that they are both important determinants of fertility. Other studies of the UK have also found significant total effects for these factors (Berrington and Pattaro, ; Neels et al ., ; Ní Bhrolcháin and Beaujouan, ; Steele et al ., ). Similarly, the fact that we find only a small effect of employment (for our limited scenario) also aligns with prior research which shows that…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since this birth cohort began their childbearing, there have been changes in the observed associations between childbearing and its most commonly studied socio-economic determinants (Berrington et al, 2015;Berrington and Pattaro, 2014;Hobcraft, 1996;Kneale and Joshi, 2008;O'Leary et al, 2010;Rendall and Smallwood, 2003;Steele et al, 2005Steele et al, , 2006. The most prominent determinants of UK fertility trends over the last 30 years include an increased participation in higher education among women, an increase in female employment and a reduction in the prevalence of marriage (Aassve et al, 2006;Berrington and Pattaro, 2014;Chamberlain and Gill, 2005;Neels et al, 2017;Ní Bhrolcháin and Beaujouan, 2012;Office for National Statistics, 2016;Sigle-Rushton, 2008;Steele et al, 2005Steele et al, , 2006.…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Socio-Economic Determinants of Fertility: A Mediation Analysis using the Parametric g-formula

Bijlsma

Wilson

2019

Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society

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Summary Theories predict that the timing of childbearing and number of children born are determined by multiple socio‐economic factors. Despite this, many methods cannot investigate the interrelationships between these determinants, including the direct and indirect influence that they have on fertility over the life course. Here we use the parametric g‐formula to examine the interdependent influences of time‐varying socio‐economic processes—education, employment status and partnership status—on fertility. To demonstrate this approach, we study a cohort of women who were born in the UK in 1970. Our results show that socio‐economic processes play an important role in determining fertility, not only directly but also indirectly. We show that increasing attendance in higher education has a largely direct effect on early childbearing up to age 25 years, resulting in a substantial increase in childlessness. However, childbearing at later ages is dominated by an indirect effect of education on fertility, via partnership status and employment status, that is twice as large as the direct effect. We also use the g‐formula to examine bias due to unobserved heterogeneity, and we demonstrate that our results appear to be robust. We conclude that the method provides a valuable tool for mediation analysis in studies of interdependent life course processes.

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“…parental stress, maternal smoking or breastfeeding status) or sociology (e. g. socioeconomic status of families) [7][8][9][10], but there are still incomplete and inconsistent findings regarding the family environment and parenting styles in relation to childhood obesity [11][12][13]. One of the reasons for the inconsistency between some parental variables and childhood obesity may stem from a change in the structure of families with children in economically developed countries over the past two decades -increasing mother's age at first pregnancy and the growing number of single-child families [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Only children or siblings: who has higher physical activity and healthier weight?

Sigmund

Sigmundová

2020

Preprint

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Background The influence of parents on physical activity (PA) and body weight of their children is confirmed by scientific studies and accepted by the professional community. However, it is not known whether only children or those with siblings have a higher level of PA and healthier body weight. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess whether there are any differences in the daily step counts (SC) and the prevalence of obesity between only children and children with siblings, and whether the achievement of the daily SC recommendation by children/parents and parental obesity influence obesity in children with and without siblings. Methods The analysis included 566 families (10.6%/89.4% with single child/two or more children) with complete data of family members on weight status and ambulatory PA monitored with a Yamax pedometer during regular school/work week during spring and autumn between 2013–2019. The cut-point values of the daily SC recommendation amounted to ≥ 13,000/≥11,000 steps/day for 5–12 years old sons/daughters and ≥ 10,000 steps/day for 12–16-year-old adolescents and adults. The Chi-Square (χ2) test series was used to compare the achievement of the daily SC recommendation and the prevalence of normal body weight, overweight and obesity between only children and those with siblings. Logistic regression models (Enter method) were used to investigate whether the achievement of the daily SC recommendation by children/parents and parental obesity were associated with obesity in offspring in single-child families and families with more children. Results A significantly higher proportion of children with siblings (p < 0.01) achieved the recommended daily SC (51.8% vs. 31.7%) and showed a lower prevalence of overweight (16.2% vs. 20.0%) and obesity (7.1% vs. 20.0%) compared with only children. The achievement of the daily SC recommendation in children significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the odds ratio (OR) of obesity (OR = 0.22–0.34). Children with siblings had lower odds (OR = 0.41–0.54) of obesity than only children, but significantly (p < 0.05) only in mother-child dyads. Overweight/obesity of mothers significantly increased (p < 0.05) the odds of obesity (OR = 2.07) in their children. Conclusion Children from families with siblings have a higher amount of daily PA and healthier body weight than single-child families.

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Rising Educational Participation and the Trend to Later Childbearing

Cited by 70 publications

References 76 publications

Modelling the socio-economic determinants of fertility: a mediation analysis using the parametric g-formula

Modelling the socio-economic determinants of fertility: a mediation analysis using the parametric g-formula

Modelling the Socio-Economic Determinants of Fertility: A Mediation Analysis using the Parametric g-formula

Only children or siblings: who has higher physical activity and healthier weight?

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