Rising inequality in Canada: A regional perspective

Breau, Sébastien

doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.010

Cited by 44 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In recent decades, Canada has witnessed a rise in socioeconomic inequalities, and concentrations of poverty, both at a regional level (Breau, 2015) and within cities (Hulchanski et al, 2010;Walks & Twigge-Molecey, 2013;Breau et al, 2018). Along with this growth in poverty, evidence has indicated that poverty distributions have become more suburbanized; increased costs of housing in city centres have pushed lower-income residents to more affordable, but less accessible areas (Ades et al, 2012(Ades et al, , 2016 Spinney et al (2009) showed there is significant association between transport mobility benefits and quality of life for elderly Canadians.…”

Section: Accessibility Research Within the Canadian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing up transport poverty: A national scale accounting of low-income households suffering from inaccessibility in Canada, and what to do about it

2019

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Millions of Canadians rely on public transportation to conduct daily activities and participate in the labour force. However, many low-income households are disadvantaged because existing public transit service does not provide them with sufficient access to destinations. Limited transit options, compounded with socioeconomic disadvantage, can result in transport poverty, preventing travel to important destinations, like employment opportunities. Given the growing gentrification of Canadian downtowns and the dispersion of poverty into Canadian suburbs, the time is right for a national accounting of those living in transport poverty, and the development of a national transport and land use strategy for alleviating the risks of accessibility deprivation. Accordingly, in this paper we measure and analyze vertical inequalities in access to employment in Canadian cities in order to estimate how many, where, and to what extent, Canadians are at risk of transport poverty. We make use of open transit network data and cutting edge accessibility measurement methods to generate comparative scores suitable for a national-scale analysis. We find that in aggregate, lower income neighbourhoods tend to have better levels of transit accessibility. But despite this overall positive outlook, there are still nearly one million low-income individuals living in urban areas with low transit accessibility. We summarize our findings by generating descriptive typologies for areas vulnerable to transport poverty which are then used to develop and recommend planning strategies to reduce inequalities.

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Section: Accessibility Research Within the Canadian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing up transport poverty: A national scale accounting of low-income households suffering from inaccessibility in Canada, and what to do about it

2019

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“…Starting from the early studies on inequality, an effort has been paid to establish a conceptual framework to reveal causes of inequality. However, it is now accepted that there is no dominant or a common income distribution theory (Breau, 2015). As Bourne (1993) and Chakravorty (1996) discuss, broadly four sets of mechanisms are discussed in the existing literature that are likely to explain rising inequality recently: changes in (i) local economic conditions and labor market, (ii) the sociodemographic attiributes of regions (iii) the spatial attributes of labor markets and (iv) institutional elements which also affect the regional wage distribution (cited in Breau, 2015).…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, exploring macroeconomic indicators such as GDP per capita to investigate the trends in the mean income differentials within regions veils the distributional dimensions of inequality and the factors driving the inequality trends. Hence the use of individual-level survey data helps one to focus on inequality in terms of income distributions per se and examine the driving mechanisms of inequality within regions as well (Breau, 2015). This study employs individual level data from the Survey of Income and Living Conditions (SILC) which offers individual and household data for Turkey at the national and regional levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Türki̇ye De Kazanç Eşi̇tsi̇zli̇ği̇: Bölgesel Bi̇r Perspekti̇f

Tansever¹,

Kent²

2018

JORE

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This study examines the regional earnings inequality between NUTS-1 regions in Turkey using Theil-T statistics by employing Survey of Income and Living Conditions (SILC) data provided by Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT). We attempt to investigate the evolution of regional earnings inequality for the years 2006 and 2014 by decomposing the Theil T index in order to distinguish its within and between groups components with the special focus on the several attributive subgroups of labor such as education, economic sector, position in occupation and gender. We interpret the decomposition of Theil-T index with regard to its marginal and gross contributions of these subgroups to total inequality in order to measure their explanatory power of earnings inequality.

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“…Usually, regional inequality can be measured via inequality coefficients such as (weighted) variation coefficient, Gini coefficient, and Theil index at multiple scales (Fan & Sun, ; He, Bayrak, & Lin, ; Zhang & Bao, ). Moreover, the most popular indicators applied to relative research are socioeconomic statistical data, such as the gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, income, and employment (Breau, ; Ren & Yang, ; Tirado, Díez‐Minguela, & Martinez‐Galarraga, ). While most studies focus on the uneven distribution of economic development, it is essential to focus on other dimensions of human development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional inequalities in comprehensive development in China from 1992 to 2013: Comparative estimation based on statistical and DMSP/OLS data

Jie

Chen

et al. 2018

Growth and Change

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Regional inequality has attracted considerable interest among academics and policy makers. However, few studies have focused on regional inequality in comprehensive development. This study quantitatively estimated the regional inequalities and imbalances in China at multiple scales using gross domestic product (GDP), population, and the inter‐calibrated Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Line‐Scan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime stable light (NSL) data for 1992–2013. The results are as follows. First, the GDP‐derived inequalities exhibited an inverted U‐shaped pattern, while the NSL‐derived continued to decline. Second, for both GDP and NSL data, the inequality within the western region contributed most to the within‐region inequalities, while the eastern region contributed least. Third, the highest inter‐provincial inequality was observed in the developed area, while disparity within the underdeveloped area was the lowest. Finally, at the provincial level, the imbalances in comprehensive development generally decreased from 1992 to 2013. Moreover, a correlation analysis between the GDP‐ and NSL‐derived inequalities showed that there were some similarities in inequalities during 1992–2013, especially in the eastern region. These findings highlight that the regional inequalities in economic development and comprehensive development exhibit different tendencies, and hence it is crucial for both scholars and government to focus on this issue.

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Rising inequality in Canada: A regional perspective

Cited by 44 publications

References 60 publications

Sizing up transport poverty: A national scale accounting of low-income households suffering from inaccessibility in Canada, and what to do about it

Sizing up transport poverty: A national scale accounting of low-income households suffering from inaccessibility in Canada, and what to do about it

Türki̇ye De Kazanç Eşi̇tsi̇zli̇ği̇: Bölgesel Bi̇r Perspekti̇f

Regional inequalities in comprehensive development in China from 1992 to 2013: Comparative estimation based on statistical and DMSP/OLS data

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