2019
DOI: 10.3390/nano9030337
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Risk Analysis of Cellulose Nanomaterials by Inhalation: Current State of Science

Abstract: Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are emerging advanced materials with many unique properties and growing commercial significance. A life-cycle risk assessment and environmental health and safety roadmap identified potential risks from inhalation of powdered CNs in the workplace as a key gap in our understanding of safety and recommended addressing this data gap to advance the safe and successful commercialization of these materials. Here, we (i) summarize the currently available published literature for its contr… Show more

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Cited by 42 publications
(30 citation statements)
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“…Nowadays, CNs were widely used in many elds due to the easy assessments to raw materials and improved manufacturing processes, such as paper, building materials, food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, hygiene and absorbent products, textiles for clothing, automotive composites, and many other applications [19,26]. The toxicity evaluation of CNs is greatly lagging in the circumstance of enormous commercial applications.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 2 more Smart Citations
“…Nowadays, CNs were widely used in many elds due to the easy assessments to raw materials and improved manufacturing processes, such as paper, building materials, food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical products, hygiene and absorbent products, textiles for clothing, automotive composites, and many other applications [19,26]. The toxicity evaluation of CNs is greatly lagging in the circumstance of enormous commercial applications.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Till now, the toxicity of these biomass CNs were reported mainly in the inhalation toxicity to the lung in both cellular [20][21][22] and animal [20,23,24] models. These investigations demonstrated CN exposures resulted in in ammatory responses [19]. Some other toxicity studies of CNs, such as hepatotoxicity in rats [25], systemic toxicity exhibiting in ammatory and acute phase responses in mice [26], renal toxicity via the combined impacts of electrolyte imbalance and in ammation [27], and so forth, also reveal that CNs possess multiple toxicities in organisms.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 93%
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“…The cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of CNCs depend on the preparation conditions and are increased under harsh and caustic conditions, e.g., the so-called mercerization process, i.e., an alkali treatment [149]. CNFs can also cause cytotoxicity and oxidative damage, which can be even more pronounced than in the case of CNCs, and can evoke an inflammatory response (for a review, see [2,172]). The potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of nanocellulose, nanocarbon and their composites should therefore be taken into account when they are for use in biomedical applications.…”
Section: Potential Cytotoxicity and Immunogenicity Of Nanocellulose/nmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nevertheless, more insights into the life cycle risk assessment and environmental health and safety roadmap of the potential risks from the inhalation of cellulose nanomaterials are needed to advance the safe commercialization of these materials. To this end, Ede et al [3] summarized, in a review, the currently available published literature regarding the cellulose nanomaterial inhalation hazard and evaluated the quality of the studies for risk assessment purposes. It was concluded that short-term exposure to cellulose nanomaterials could result in transient inflammation, similarly to other poorly soluble and low toxicity dusts.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%