Risk analysis of drinking water microbial contamination versus disinfection by-products (DBPs)

Ashbolt, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.01.034

Cited by 97 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The present study suggests that storage of water at low pH (6.0) and at moderately high temperature (30°C) may result in rapid leaching, reaching values close to these limits within 12 h. At a practical level it will be important to determine that traditional copper vessels do not result in overexposure of users to high amounts of copper, especially for waters of low pH. Future studies will extend the present findings to natural and formulated waters containing different organic and inorganic constituents, to enteropathogenic strains of E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria, and to assess the impact of storage in copper on waterborne disease in both an animal model and in people living in rural conditions, using a quantitative microbiological risk assessment approach (Ashbolt 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Inactivation and injury of Escherichia coli in a copper water storage vessel: effects of temperature and pH

Sharan

Chhibber

Attri

et al. 2009

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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Copper has been used as a disinfectant since ancient times and recent research has demonstrated that antimicrobial copper surfaces may have practical applications in healthcare and related areas. The present study was carried out to establish the effects of temperature and pH on inactivation and sub-lethal injury of Escherichia coli in water stored in a copper vessel, to determine the operational limits of the process in terms of these variables. To investigate the effects of temperature, a bacterial suspension at pH 7.0 was stored for up to 48 h in copper vessels at 5, 15, 25 and 35 degrees C. For pH, a bacterial suspension was stored at 30 degrees C for up to 48 h in copper vessels at pH 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0. Both temperature and pH had substantial effects on inactivation and injury, with the fastest inactivation observed at elevated temperature and at pH values furthest from neutrality, while the greatest amount of sub-lethal injury, manifest as sensitivity to conventional aerobic enumeration, was observed at a temperature of 35 degrees C. These findings have important implications for the practical application of copper-based water disinfection methods, in terms of their likely efficacy under environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Inactivation and injury of Escherichia coli in a copper water storage vessel: effects of temperature and pH

Sharan

Chhibber

Attri

et al. 2009

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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“…This last information is of particular interest when the effluents are submitted to ozonation processes not specifically devoted to the removal of organic pollutants as, for example in water-reuse treatments, the main aim of which is generally to reduce the concentrations of pathogens [25]. With low ozone dosage, pharmaceuticals (and more generally the xenobiotics present) could be converted into compounds even more toxic than the parent species [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic removal from wastewaters: The ozonation of amoxicillin

Andreozzi¹,

Canterino²,

Marotta³

et al. 2005

Journal of Hazardous Materials

376

141

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“…In such nations, the disease burden from water and sanitation is certainly lower, but it still represents a significant driver within the lower overall disease risks experienced [6,13,47].…”

Section: Some Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydro-epidemiology: the emergence of a research agenda

Kay

Falconer

2008

Environ Fluid Mech

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There is a growing international awareness of the health risks associated with water, and particularly in developing countries. For example: (i) a child dies in Africa every 30s due to malaria-a disease related to stagnant water, (ii) every year flooding causes many deaths world-wide, with infant mortality due to diarrhea from contaminated flood waters posing the biggest threat, and (iii) poor sanitation and its relation to hepatitis A continues to be a serious problem. A revealing measure of the extent of such global problems is that more than half of the hospital beds in the world today are occupied by people with water-related diseases. Addressing these issues mandates an interdisciplinary approach by the world's scientific and engineering community. In this spirit a workshop was held in Phoenix to provide a forum where epidemiologists, hydraulics researchers and other stakeholders of varied backgrounds (e.g., policy makers, environmental groups etc.) could all participate in a debate on a future agenda for hydro-epidemiology. The principal outcome of the workshop was a significant appreciation of the potential for interdisciplinary research and development in hydro-epidemiology and the major contribution that hydraulics professionals could offer, in partnership with the public health community, in addressing such water related disease control and prevention challenges. This report derives from papers presented at a three day workshop (2-4th December) on Hydroepidemiology held during the Fifth International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics in Tempe, Arizona, held during December 2007. The invited and submitted papers have been condensed and synthesized to identify current activity and potential research contributions at the interface area between the environmental hydraulics and public health communities.

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Risk analysis of drinking water microbial contamination versus disinfection by-products (DBPs)

Cited by 97 publications

References 25 publications

Inactivation and injury of Escherichia coli in a copper water storage vessel: effects of temperature and pH

Inactivation and injury of Escherichia coli in a copper water storage vessel: effects of temperature and pH

Antibiotic removal from wastewaters: The ozonation of amoxicillin

Hydro-epidemiology: the emergence of a research agenda

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