Risk and Protective Factors of Youth Prescription Drug Misuse: Variations Across Racial/Ethnic Groups

Wu, Shiyou; Farmer, Antoinette Y.

doi:10.1007/s10560-021-00752-1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Additionally, the youth sample had 20% more Hispanic respondents and 30% fewer White respondents than did the adult sample, and this gap existed by race across all categories of ACEs scores; this seemingly reflects the changing demographics in Arizona toward a majority-minority population. Addressing the needs around substance use amongst Hispanic youth is becoming an ongoing concern and area for intervention as Hispanics will continue to be the largest ethnic minority group in the United States [ 14 ]. Additionally, research examing the influence of ACEs on drinking outcomes identified the highest risk of heavy drinking for adult Hispanics experiencing both household challenges and abuse [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seminal work of Felitti et al [ 1 ] demonstrated that retrospective report of ACEs in the first 18 years of life was related to a broad range of negative outcomes in adulthood, including smoking, depression, and suicidality. These findings have been replicated numerous times and extended to outcomes such as prescription drug misuse [ 13 , 14 ] and intimate partner violence [ 15 ]. Studies of youth have found evidence for a gradient relationship between the number of ACEs and high-risk behaviors, including early adolescent (< 14) initiation of illicit drug use [ 16 ], smoking [ 13 ], and drinking alcohol [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…To understand the extent to which ACEs and substance use outcomes are related, a series of logistic regression models were conducted to examine the relationship between each of the substance use outcomes (dummy coded as 0/1) and the ACEs groups while controlling for the demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, education, race/ethnicity). Logistic regression is a form of predictive analysis and is used to describe the relationship between a dependent binary and the independent variables [ 14 ]. In addition, we tested the assumptions of the logistic regression models.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The power of local research to inform adverse childhood experiences in substance use prevention in adolescents and adults

Johnson

Wolfersteig

et al. 2022

BMC Public Health

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Background The impact of adverse childhood experiences on substance use has been well reported, however, less well documented is looking at the comparison of youth and adult substance use and their respective adverse childhood experiences. This study leveraged local data sources to support prevention efforts inside a state-level working group and examined research questions that explored the relationship between reported adverse childhood experiences and substance use for youth and adult samples at the state level. Methods This study conducted a series of logistic regression models (95% CI) between substance use outcomes with different age group populations to investigate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance use for each group. Adverse childhood experiences scores and substance use were examined using two Arizona datasets: 1) Arizona Youth Survey (n = 42,009) and 2) the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (n = 5328). Results The results of youth and adult datasets were consistent: users with adverse childhood experiences scores of 4 to 6 had a positive association with more substance use. When the variables were examined, showing the entire sample of youth and adult groups compared to those subgroups with a score of zero, a score of 1 to 3, and a score of 4 to 6, the overall pattern was the same; the more frequent use of substances was directly associated to the group with higher scores. Additionally, findings support increased attention on prevention and intervention efforts with higher reports of adverse childhood experiences as well as substance use. Conclusions These findings demonstrate how local research can help prioritize prevention resources and increase the value of data-based decision-making. Policy-makers and providers can examine youth and adult data to compare priorities and assess for planning purposes. Specifically, it is possible to replicate known research findings, identify the most impacted subpopulations, and forecast the community’s future needs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The power of local research to inform adverse childhood experiences in substance use prevention in adolescents and adults

Johnson

Wolfersteig

et al. 2022

BMC Public Health

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Race/ethnicity differences in risk and protective factors for marijuana use among U.S. adolescents

2021

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Background Little is known about how race and ethnicity influence marijuana-specific risk and protective factors in U.S. adolescents. We examined differences in risk and protective factors of marijuana use (MU) and their associations with MU by race/ethnicity. Methods The present study used data from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. A total of 68,263 adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years) were divided into seven subgroups by race/ethnicity (White, Hispanic, Black, Asian, Native American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NH/PI), and mixed race). Marijuana-specific risk and protective factors (RPFs) were examined, including perceived availability of marijuana, adolescents’ perceived risk of MU and perceived disapproval of parents, peers, and close friends. Past-month, past-year, and lifetime MU were used as MU outcomes to examine the associations with RPFs as well as with race/ethnicity. Results Overall, 6.85, 12.67, and 15.52% of the sample reported past-month, past-year, and lifetime MU respectively. Weighted adjusted logistic regression analyses revealed that mixed race adolescents reported the greatest perceived availability of marijuana, whereas Black and Asian adolescents had less access compared to White adolescents. The adolescents’ perception of parental disapproval of MU was the lowest for Native American adolescents and highest for Asian adolescents. Mixed race adolescents experienced lower peer and close friend disapproval of MU while Black and Asian adolescents had higher. The MU risk perception was lower in most groups including Black, Hispanic, Native American, and mixed race adolescents, but not in Asian adolescents. Native American adolescents scored the highest on all MU outcomes, whereas Asian adolescents scored the lowest. Perceived availability of marijuana was associated with higher MU in all MU outcomes. Lower disapproval MU perceptions and lower MU risk perceptions were also associated with greater MU. Conclusion These findings suggest there is considerable heterogeneity of marijuana risk and protective factors and MU across race/ethnicity among U.S. adolescents.

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Association between Community Attachment and Prescription Drug Misuse among American Indian Adolescents in Arizona

Huang

Marsiglia

et al. 2023

Societies

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Prescription drug misuse (PDM) has become a major health issue in the U.S. over the past decade. PDM affects all ethnic and racial groups; however, there is a higher prevalence among American Indian (AI) youths, and there is scarce information on the risk and protective factors driving this behavior. Using the Arizona Youth Survey 2018, we analyzed data from 2494 students who self-identified as AI (aged 13–18 years, 47.31% male). Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between community attachment with lifetime and the past-30-days PDM. Community attachment was negatively associated with AI youths’ lifetime PDM (OR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.65, 0.92]); however, it was not significant for the past-30-days users (OR = 0.91, 95% CI [0.72, 1.15]). For both lifetime and past-30-days users, a common protective factor was close friends’ negative perceptions of PDM, while a common risk factor included siblings’ prescription drug use and ease of access to substances. Lifetime users’ drug-free closest friends were also protective. The findings support similar community-oriented approaches showing a cumulative rather than immediate effect, and past-30-days PMD youths were strongly influenced by peers and family. PDM risk and protective factors can advance knowledge about AI youths’ social and cultural determinants of health and influence future prevention interventions.

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Risk and Protective Factors of Youth Prescription Drug Misuse: Variations Across Racial/Ethnic Groups

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

The power of local research to inform adverse childhood experiences in substance use prevention in adolescents and adults

The power of local research to inform adverse childhood experiences in substance use prevention in adolescents and adults

Race/ethnicity differences in risk and protective factors for marijuana use among U.S. adolescents

Association between Community Attachment and Prescription Drug Misuse among American Indian Adolescents in Arizona

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