Risk Assessment and Determination of Heavy Metals in Home Meal Replacement Products by Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Direct Mercury Analyzer

Abstract

This study quantified six heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As, Sn, Hg, and Me-Hg) in home meal replacement products. Satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.99), recovery (80.65–118.02%), limits of detection (0.02–2.81 μg/kg), limits of quantification (0.05–8.51 μg/kg), accuracy (80.49–119.87%), precision (0.26–14.93%), standard uncertainty (0.082–0.321%) and relative standard uncertainty (0.084–0.320%) of the six heavy metals were obtained. The average concentration of the six heavy metals was 8.87 μg/kg. Heavy metal concentrations were converted to food intake data of 0.009 μg/kg to recalculate the 95th percentile food intake data (g/day) of individual heavy metals. These were then divided by age group to evaluate the average exposure to heavy metals and determine the 95th percentile of exposure from daily intake and for the whole population, of home meal replacement products. The chronic daily intake amount of six heavy metals was 1.60 × 10−2 μg/kg/day. Based on total chronic daily intake values, the risk and margin of exposure of each of the heavy metals was 9.13 × 107, demonstrating that intake associated with home meal replacement products is negligible.

Risk Assessment and Determination of Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Fishery Products in Korea

“…The good linearity (R 2 > 0.999) of our method validation is obtained. The LOD and LOQ of all elements were higher than those of home meal replacement (HMR) [29] and vegan food [35] and similar to those of shrimp and shellfish [36]. For HMR, vegan food, and shrimp and shellfish, the LOD ranges were 0.021-2.81, 0.001-0.185, and 1.2-2.8 µg/kg, respectively, and the LOQ ranges were 0.05-8.51, 0.07-0.616, and 3.7-8.4 µg/kg, respectively.…”

“…Sample preprocessing for a Pb, Cd, As, and Me-Hg analysis was carried out as previously reported with minor modifications [29].…”

“…ICP-MS analysis was executed as mentioned previously with minor modifications [29]. Heavy metals quantification was carried out with ICP-MS (iCAP-RQ, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).…”

“…The DMA analysis was performed as previously described with minor modifications [29]. Hg and Me-Hg were measured with the heat vaporization gold amalgam method using a DMA-80 evo (Milestone, Sorisole, Italy).…”

Quality Characteristics of Merapi Robusta Coffee Products from the Traditional, Semi Modern, and Modern Process

“…Cadmium metal contamination in food is caused by the absorption of cadmium by organic substances that make up the soil and are found in the earth's crust. Cadmium contamination poses a risk to human health when consumed by humans [15]. Healthy food and beverage must be free from cadmium contamination.…”