Risk Assessment of Breast Cancer in Guangdong, China: A Community-based Survey

Abstract

Objectives: Compared with Western countries, the incidence rates for breast cancer in China are still low. However, breast cancer appears to be hitting Chinese women at a much younger age, with a peak between 40 and 50 years. Furthermore, breast tumors of Asian women have molecular and genetic characteristics that are different from those of Caucasian women. Methods: A community-based study was designed to evaluate the relationship between lifestyles and breast cancer risk in Chinese women residing in Guangzhou. 16,314 subjects completed the questionnaire. Potential confounding factors included sociodemographic characteristics. Results: 33 individuals reported a history of breast cancer, yielding a prevalence rate of 202.3/100000. Associations between subjects' demographic and breast cancer risk factors were assessed. Breast cancer is associated with family history of breast cancer, X-rays received, benign breast disease and hyperlipoidemia or hypercholesteremia with elevated odds ratios. Conclusions: Family history of breast cancer, X-ray received benign breast disease and hyperlipoidemia or hypercholesteremia were significantly associated with risk of breast cancer and may havepotential for breast cancer risk assessment.

<em>Kelussia odoratissima</em> Mozaff. activates intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in breast cancer cells associated with S phase cell cycle arrest via involvement of p21/p27 in vitro and in vivo

“… 5 In 2006, patients with breast cancer represented 16.5% of all cancer cases reported in Malaysia. 6 Breast cancer is not only the second leading cause of death in Malaysia but also a significant threat to the composition of the society and the national income. In the year 2009, $86.6 billion was spent on direct medical costs such as the health expenditures and $130 billion was spent on direct mortality costs, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH).…”

Association of Urinary Cesium with Breast Cancer Risk

“…In addition, assessment of breast cancer risk is still a challenge and environmental biomarkers may be the hope for this challenge (Cazzaniga et al, 2009;Su et al, 2011;Lin et al, 2012). Given that cesium normally exists in human body and is excreted mainly through urine (Ghosh et al, 1993), it would be meaningful to compare cesium levels in urine samples between cancer patients and normal controls for evaluating its anticancer efficacy and application as a biomarker of the risk assessment.…”