Risk Assessment of Drinking Water Supply System in the Tidal Inundation Area of Semarang – Indonesia

Budiyono, B.; Ginandjar, Praba; Saraswati, Lintang Dian; Pangestuti, Dina Rahayuning; Martini, Martini; Jati, Sutopo Patria; Rahfiludin, Zen

doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2015.01.014

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Recent research in Bandarharjo and Tanjung Emas showed that the suspected risk factors were frequent tidal impacts, river pollution and poorly managed household and livestock waste. [5] In line with the results, the conditions were also shown at the location of this study. As regulated in the Minister of Health Decree, [4] the maximum total amount of coliform for non-piped water is 50 CFU / 100 ml sample.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

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Faecal contamination in groundwater and its association with population density: a study in coastal areas of Semarang

2020

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Increased population density causes the supply of clean water to be unable to meet the requirements. The coastal area of Semarang is also faced with a tidal problem. While good sanitation is a top priority in improving health, nutrition and productivity (6th SDG target), the cause of water borne disease must be considered. This research was conducted in May 2019 at 30 points in the coastal area of Semarang, covering 9 sub-districts. Assessment of microbiology is carried out on coliform parameters and the presence of Eschericia coli. Data on septic tank type, depth, distance of the septic tank to the sample points and drainage frequency were collected. Population data are based on data from BPS. Hydrogeological mapping was used to describe the distribution of faecal contamination and other factors. Around 73.3% of the groundwater samples exceeded the coliform parameter limit and 86.7% of the samples were found to have E. coli. Only 37.5% of the septic tank is cemented and 66.7% with a safe distance from the water source. Population density was not significantly related to poor groundwater quality, because even though the area is less densely populated, E. coli is found positive in ground water.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The study also found that more than half of the samples contained E. coli. The impact that can arise is the transmission of water-borne diseases, such as diarrhea [5]. Intervention with the Water Safety Plans program has been proven to reduce the percentage of clean water sources of poor quality residents [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faecal contamination in groundwater and its association with population density: a study in coastal areas of Semarang

2020

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“…Most residents (92.24%) in the coastal of Semarang use water from groundwater and managed by private service providers. The water used for daily needs i.e., drinking, bathing, and washing [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on preliminary study, 9 out of 20 artesian wells in the coastal area did not meet bacteriological requirements and 33 of 41 drinking water samples contaminated E. coli. Besides, there are also various complaints from consumers related to water quality such as saltiness and the physical condition of turbid water and water flow that is often jammed [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Customer Satisfaction of the Drinking Water in the Coastal of Semarang and the Risk Management

2020

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The water supply system is vital for inhabitants living in the coastal area. The water supply system in the coastal of Semarang 60% served by private. There is no information related to the private service of deep groundwater supply and customer satisfaction. This was an observational research with a cross-sectional. The samples were 40 of the service providers of deep groundwater and 40 customers obtained by accidental sampling. Data were collected by observation and interviewed by using questionnaires. Statistical analysis used the Chi-Square test with an estimated error of 5%. The results showed that the overall aspects of the service of deep groundwater supply in the good category were 22.5%. The overall perception of customer satisfaction showed in the satisfied category was 55 %. There was a significant association between the less good service of deep groundwater supply and the less satisfaction of the customer under the aspect of quality (p=0.006), quantity (p=0.001), continuity (p<0.001), and the overall of the service aspects (p=0.027). There was no significant association between affordability and the poor perception of customer satisfaction (p=0.736). The research concluded the less good service of deep groundwater supply and less satisfied with the customer in the coastal of Semarang. The quality, quantity, and continuity of drinking water may risk in health customers.

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“…It identifies issues of treatment plants and source water quality (Ginandjar et al, 2015) as the main hazards associated with floods. Floods and heavy rainfall are associated with elevated turbidity and dissolved organic matter (Göransson et al, 2013;Murshed et al, 2014), which can affect drinking water purification, the source of which is a surface water body or storage reservoir. However, if indirect and cascade effects are accounted for, other impacts should be considered such as those related to power outage, which is likely to occur if electric devices, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood impacts on a water distribution network

Arrighi

Tarani

Vicario

et al. 2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Floods cause damage to people, buildings and infrastructures. Water distribution systems are particularly exposed, since water treatment plants are often located next to the rivers. Failure of the system leads to both direct losses, for instance damage to equipment and pipework contamination, and indirect impact, since it may lead to service disruption and thus affect populations far from the event through the functional dependencies of the network. In this work, we present an analysis of direct and indirect damages on a drinking water supply system, considering the hazard of riverine flooding as well as the exposure and vulnerability of active system components. The method is based on interweaving, through a semi-automated GIS procedure, a flood model and an EPANET-based pipe network model with a pressure-driven demand approach, which is needed when modelling water distribution networks in highly off-design conditions. Impact measures are defined and estimated so as to quantify service outage and potential pipe contamination. The method is applied to the water supply system of the city of Florence, Italy, serving approximately 380 000 inhabitants. The evaluation of flood impact on the water distribution network is carried out for different events with assigned recurrence intervals. Vulnerable elements exposed to the flood are identified and analysed in order to estimate their residual functionality and to simulate failure scenarios. Results show that in the worst failure scenario (no residual functionality of the lifting station and a 500-year flood), 420 km of pipework would require disinfection with an estimated cost of EUR 21 million, which is about 0.5 % of the direct flood losses evaluated for buildings and contents. Moreover, if flood impacts on the water distribution network are considered, the population affected by the flood is up to 3 times the population directly flooded.

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Risk Assessment of Drinking Water Supply System in the Tidal Inundation Area of Semarang – Indonesia

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Faecal contamination in groundwater and its association with population density: a study in coastal areas of Semarang

Faecal contamination in groundwater and its association with population density: a study in coastal areas of Semarang

The Customer Satisfaction of the Drinking Water in the Coastal of Semarang and the Risk Management

Flood impacts on a water distribution network

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