Risk assessment of environmental exposure to heavy metals in mothers and their respective infants

Al‐Saleh, Iman; Al-Rouqi, Reem; Elkhatib, Rola; Abduljabbar, Mai; Al-Rajudi, Tahreer

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.07.010

Cited by 47 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…The infancy period is characterised by continuous changes in physiological clearance process and toxicokinetics. Assessment of the health risk associated with dietary heavy metals is important during infancy because the early postnatal period is characterised by rapid growth and development [1]. The newborns and infants are vulnerable to exposure to Pb and Cd due to their immature renal systems and they exhibits narrow tolerance to these elements [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The toxicological analysis of lead and cadmium in prescription food for special medical purposes and modified milk products for newborns and infants available in Polish pharmacies

Jurowski

Krośniak

Fołta

et al. 2019

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

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Please cite this article as: Jurowski K, Krośniak M, Fołta M, Cole M, Piekoszewski W, The toxicological analysis of lead and cadmium in prescription food for special medical purposes and modified milk products for newborns and infants available in 425 577 3 All analyzed products do not represent a health hazard to the consumer according to Pb and Cd levels. Abstract:There is currently a lack of risk assessments around Pb and Cd in prescription food for special medical purposes (FSMPs) and modified milk products available in from pharmacies in Poland.This article describes and evaluates a toxicological analysis of lead and cadmium in prescription FSMPs (n = 6) and modified milk products (n = 6) available in Polish pharmacies. The metals were determined using electrothermal atomisation atomic absorption spectrometry. To make the appropriate risk assessment, we considered (1) the levels of lead and cadmium in a powdered product, (2) the amount of the metals consumed in one portion (single exposure),(3) the daily dose depending on age (months) and body weight and (4) the weekly intake of Pb and Cd in samples in comparison to provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The results demonstrated that the samples analysed do not represent a health hazard to newborns and infants. This study is important because of the concerns around the complex risk assessment of prescription FSMP's and modified milk products available in Polish pharmacies related to lead and cadmium. Abbreviations:AAS -atomic absorption spectrometry, bw -body weight, FCS -food contact substance, FSMPs -food for special medical purposes, PTWI -provisional tolerable weekly intake, WHO -World Health Organisation, RSD -relative standard deviation Keywords:

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The toxicological analysis of lead and cadmium in prescription food for special medical purposes and modified milk products for newborns and infants available in Polish pharmacies

Jurowski

Krośniak

Fołta

et al. 2019

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

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“…These studies have concluded that heavy metal exposure is a consistent predictor of urinary oxidative stress among children [19,20,21]. Other studies have reached similar conclusions after examining the effects of heavy metal exposure on infants and their mothers and adolescents [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Emission-related Heavy Metal Associated with Oxidative Stress in Children: Effect of Antioxidant Intake

Killian

Yuan

Tsai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Heavy metals, the common pollutants emitted from industrial activities, are believed to cause harmful effects partially through the mechanism of elevated oxidative stress, and the antioxidant intake have been hypothesized to provide a potential protective effect against oxidative stress in human. Therefore, the objective of our study is to investigate the environmental exposure of heavy metals and the associated oxidative damage of young children living near a petrochemical complex and to assess the potential protective effect of dietary antioxidant intake. Methods: There were168 children recruited from the kindergartens near a huge petrochemical complex, with 87 as the high exposure group and 81 as the low exposure group. Urinary concentrations of eleven metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and four biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured in urine samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The food frequency questionnaire was collected to assess participants’ intake of antioxidants. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the significant predictors of metals for oxidative stress and to measure the potential beneficial effect of antioxidants. Weighted quantile sum regression was performed to determine the highest contributors among metals to the oxidative stress biomarkers. Results: Study subjects in high exposure grouphad significantly higher concentrations of chromium, manganese, nickel, arsenic, strontium, cadmium, and lead when compared to those in low exposure group. There was no obviously difference on the total antioxidant intake and dietary profile between the two groups.The elevated levels of two oxidative stress markers were significantly associated with most of the urinary metal concentrations in all study subjects after adjusting confounding factors, while no significant association was found between oxidative stress and antioxidant intake. Among the metals, mercury and strontium showed the dominated contributions for elevated levels of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Higher metal exposure were associated with elevated oxidative stress but with no protective affect by the antioxidant intake among the young children residents near a petrochemical industry.

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“…Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and their compounds are classified as human carcinogens by several regulatory agencies [2][3][4]. The adverse effects of lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in humans are shown in mental development, causing neurological and cardiovascular diseases, especially in children [5,6]. Although a low dose of chromium (Cr) is essential to mammals, a high dose of Cr could induce significant renal damage, DNA strand breaks in peripheral lymphocytes, and respiratory cancers [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Fate of Heavy Metals in Municipal Wastewater in Heilongjiang Province, China: A Monthly Reconnaissance from 2015 to 2017

Zhang

Ma³

et al. 2020

Water

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As one of the major sources of pollutions in the environments, effluents from municipal wastewater recently became a hot topic. This study quantified monthly county-level releases of five heavy metals, i.e., lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg), from municipal wastewater into the environment in the Heilongjiang Province of China, based on sampling, measurement, and modeling tools. Wastewater samples were collected from 27 municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs) in 15 county-level cities of Heilongjiang every month from 2015 to 2017. The concentrations of five heavy metals were analyzed in both influents (Pb: 160 ± 100 μg/L; Cd: 15 ± 9.0 μg/L; Cr: 170 ± 64 μg/L; Hg: 0.67 ± 1.5 μg/L; As: 6.2 ± 4.8 μg/L) and effluents (Pb: 45 ± 15 μg/L; Cd: 5.2 ± 5.1 μg/L; Cr: 57 ± 13 μg/L; Hg: 0.28 ± 0.12 μg/L; As: 2.6 ± 1.4 μg/L). The removal ratios of the five heavy metals ranged from 50% to 67%. Inflow fluxes of Pb, Cr, and Cd displayed increasing trends first then decreased after reaching a maximum value, whereas those of Hg and Pb remained stable. Material flow analysis reveals that constructions of MWTPs are conducive to significantly reduce the releases of heavy metals from urban areas into the aquatic environment in the study area. Additionally, municipal wastewater sludge (used as fertilizer or spread on the land) could be a significant source of heavy metals in the land.

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Risk assessment of environmental exposure to heavy metals in mothers and their respective infants

Cited by 47 publications

References 198 publications

The toxicological analysis of lead and cadmium in prescription food for special medical purposes and modified milk products for newborns and infants available in Polish pharmacies

The toxicological analysis of lead and cadmium in prescription food for special medical purposes and modified milk products for newborns and infants available in Polish pharmacies

Emission-related Heavy Metal Associated with Oxidative Stress in Children: Effect of Antioxidant Intake

Occurrence and Fate of Heavy Metals in Municipal Wastewater in Heilongjiang Province, China: A Monthly Reconnaissance from 2015 to 2017

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