Risk assessment of the toxicity of solvents of gutta-percha used in endodontic retreatment

The Enterococcus faecalis bacteria have been identified as the most commonly recovered species from teeth with persistent endodontic infections. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils and chloroform (CHL), alone and in association with various concentrations of cetrimide (CTR), against biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis was investigated. Solutions of CHL, eucalyptus oil (EO) and orange oil (OO) associated with CTR at 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.05% were used to determine antimicrobial activity by exposing treated bovine dentine blocks to E. faecalis. Biofilms grown in the dentine blocks for 7 days were exposed to solutions for 2 and 5 min. Biofilm reduction between OO and EO at 2 min did not show any significant differences; however, OO had a higher kill percentage of biofilms than did the eucalyptus oil at 5 min (p < 0.01). Combinations with CTR at all concentrations achieved a 100% kill rate at 2 and 5 min. The association of CTR with solvent agents achieved the maximum antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis biofilms in dentine.

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“…It is considered safe if used carefully, and its controlled use at appropriate doses posses no health risks to the patient [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and chloroform alone and combinated with cetrimide againstEnterococcus faecalisbiofilm

Martos¹,

Ferrer-Luque²,

González-Rodrı́guez³

et al. 2013

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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“…The efficacy, safety, and benefit of chloroform as a solvent for softening guttapercha during endodontic retreatment has been demonstrated (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Few studies have investigated the potential antibacterial effects produced by gutta-percha solvents.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Antimicrobial Effect of Chloroform on Enterococcus faecalis After Gutta-Percha Removal

Edgar

Marshall

Baumgartner

2006

Journal of Endodontics

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“…Furthermore, Chutich et al (32) evaluated the minimum doses that produced toxic effects when used for endodontic retreatment and concluded that the necessary volume to produce side effects could not be reached during a retreatment procedure when confined to the RCS. Moreover, the risk of extrusion of the irrigants produced by different delivery and activation methods has being thoroughly analysed in previous literature, and no extrusion has being reported using PUI (33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Different Irrigation Protocols for Removing Gutta-Percha and Sealer Remnants in Artificial Un-instrumented Areas

García

Fernández

Arias³

et al. 2017

Eur Endod J

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of different irrigants and irrigation protocols in the removal of gutta-percha and sealer from simulated un-instrumented areas. Methods: Eighty-four uniradicular teeth were used. After standardizing working length (WL) and preparing the glide path, coronal flaring was performed. The instrumentation phase was completed with ProFile rotary instruments up to size #35 LightSpeed LSX. Roots were split into halves: in one of them, a groove was prepared in the apical 6 mm. In the opposite one, 5 depressions were made (at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm). Irregularities were filled with AH Plus sealer and flowable gutta-percha. The Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chloroform in removal of material and the effect of positive pressure (PP), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) (one or three cycles) and paper points were analysed with the chi-square test. Results: Delivery by PP did not eliminate the obturator material from any artificial depression. Chloroform, when activated, demonstrated a significant linear trend in the amount of gutta-percha removed at all tested levels (P<0.01). The use of paper points after passive delivery of chloroform increased significantly the removal of gutta-percha in the groove and at 4 and 10 mm (P<0.05). Three cycles of PUI and chloroform showed significantly fewer remnants of gutta-percha (P<0.01). Conclusion: Positive pressure was not effective in the removal of obturator materials with any of the tested irrigants. Chloroform delivered by PP in combination with paper points obtained a better cleaning efficacy, although its activation using PUI for three cycles of 20 s showed the best cleanliness.

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Risk assessment of the toxicity of solvents of gutta-percha used in endodontic retreatment

Cited by 51 publications

References 11 publications

Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and chloroform alone and combinated with cetrimide againstEnterococcus faecalisbiofilm

Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and chloroform alone and combinated with cetrimide againstEnterococcus faecalisbiofilm

The Antimicrobial Effect of Chloroform on Enterococcus faecalis After Gutta-Percha Removal

Efficacy of Different Irrigation Protocols for Removing Gutta-Percha and Sealer Remnants in Artificial Un-instrumented Areas

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