Risk aversion and certification: Evidence from the Nepali tea fields

Mohan, Sarah

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104903

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…solely optimizing on expected income) and high risk aversion (i.e. high preference for avoiding uncertain outcomes) [38,42,43]. Here we show how these two parameters (b i and ∆T ) interact with financial constraints to mediate climate adaptation outcomes.…”

Section: Risk Aversion and Financial Restrictions Mediate Climate Adamentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Average seed and labor costs in Nepal for each type of farming strategy were obtained from Katovich and Sharma [36] and Nepali emigration costs were estimated from Shreshta [37]. Risk aversion of decision-making agents is based on the distribution of Nepali tea farmers' risk aversion as measured by Mohan [38]. The model is initialized using CVFS data on the distribution of households by livelihood strategies in 2007 and run for 44 years to 2050, with two time steps per year in which households can update their strategy decisions (representing major cropping cycles).…”

Section: An Agent-based Model To Simulate Farmer Livelihood Decisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Transfer Policies Facilitate Smallholder Farmer Climate Adaptation

Choquette-Levy

Wildemeersch

Oppenheimer

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Increasing climate stress is likely to significantly impact smallholder farmer livelihoods, and can lead to divergent adaptation pathways. However, empirical evidence is inconclusive regarding how climate affects smallholder farmers’ deployment of various livelihood strategies, including rural-urban migration, especially as these impacts become more severe. Here we use an agent-based model to show that in a South Asian-type agricultural community experiencing a 1.5oC temperature increase by 2050, climate impacts are likely to decrease household income in 2050 by an average of 28 percent relative to the same income under a stationary climate, with fewer households engaging in economic migration and investing in cash crops. Pairing a small cash transfer with risk transfer mechanisms significantly increases the adoption of alternative livelihood strategies, improves community incomes, and reduces community inequality. While specific results depend on contextual factors such as risk preferences and climate risk exposure, these interventions are robust in improving adaptation outcomes by addressing the intersection of risk aversion, financial restrictions, and climate impacts.

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Section: Risk Aversion and Financial Restrictions Mediate Climate Adamentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: An Agent-based Model To Simulate Farmer Livelihood Decisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Transfer Policies Facilitate Smallholder Farmer Climate Adaptation

Choquette-Levy

Wildemeersch

Oppenheimer

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The upper and lower limits of the CPRA coefficients for each prospect of the experiment are given in Table 1. The intervals were determined by calculating the value of S that would make the individual indifferent between the prospects they chose and the two adjacent prospects (Mohan, 2020). For example, in this study, a choice of Lottery 3 implies a risk coefficient in the interval of (2, 0.85): indifference between Gambles 2 and 3 corresponds to S = 2.0 and indifference between 3 and 4 to S = 0.85.…”

Section: Estimation Of Risk Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Risk Behaviour of Maize Farmers using the Experimental Gambling Approach: An Empirical Study in Ghana

Dadzie

Larbi

Ghartey

2022

Caraka Tani J. Sustain. Agric.

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<p>Along the maize value chain in Ghana are a wide range of risks that confront actors; the risk chain actors' face include production and marketing risks. Accordingly, risk management, which has become an integral part of maize value chain activities, is challenged with several factors, some of which are economic, institutional, social and behavioral factors. This study posits that risk preferences/behavior of farm decision-makers in the maize value chain have empirical importance for economic and policy analysis. Thus, an experimental gambling approach was used to elicit the risk aversion behavior of respondents (farmers). Here, the respondents' risk aversion behavior over varying game levels was investigated. The multinomial logit model was used to investigate endogenous and exogenous factors explaining the risk behavior. The data were obtained by interviewing 220 maize farmers who were sampled with a two-stage sampling procedure. This study revealed that most of the farmers in the study area exhibited risk aversion behavior. About 33% of farmers showed extreme risk aversion behavior at the games’ lowest level and increased to 45% as the game level rose. It was also found that sex, age, level of formal education, access to credit, access to the storage facility, household size, farm size and the number of extension visits to the farm significantly explained the risk aversion behavior the maize farmers exhibited. Because farmers are risk-averse and become more risk-averse as stakes become high, any farm innovations to be introduced to them must be implemented gradually, especially with the low-income farmers. It is also critical to make risk mitigation 'handles' available to farmers so that they can rely on them during times of risk.</p>

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“…Certificação é 'um procedimento pelo qual um ator social independente emite uma garantia por escrito de que um produto, processo ou serviço atende a requisitos específicos' (Auld, Gulbrandsen, & McDermott, 2008, p. 188). Tem sido aplicada para garantir padrões de gestão e de governança nas áreas sociais (Adena et al, 2019;Brown et al, 2017;Gordon et al, 2009;Svítková, 2013;Yörük, 2016) e ambientais (Atasoy, 2020;Cavero-Rubio & Amorós-Martínez, 2020;Mohan, 2020;Wen & Lee, 2020).…”

Section: O Papel Da Certificação Nos Países Europeus Africanos E Nos Estados Unidosunclassified

Antecedentes e consequentes do processo de obtenção e renovação do Certificado de Entidades Beneficentes de Assistência Social (Cebas)

Pinheiro

d’Angelo²

2021

REPeC

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Objetivo: Compreender de forma holística os antecedentes e consequentes do processo de obtenção e renovação do Certificado de Entidades Beneficentes de Assistência Social (CEBAS). Método: Pesquisa qualitativa-quantitativa com dados primários (questionário e entrevistas semiestruturadas) e secundários (documentos disponibilizados nos sites dos ministérios) analisados por meio da Templates Analysis e da estatística descritiva. Resultados: As evidências indicam seis antecedentes (evidenciação contábil, capacitação e profissionalização das organizações do terceiro setor (OTS) e dos contadores, auditoria externa, insegurança jurídica e outras situações) e quatro consequentes (imunidade tributária, credibilidade das OTS, captação de recursos e mudança cultural) da certificação CEBAS. Também indicam as vulnerabilidades controláveis e não controláveis nos antecedentes a serem enfrentadas pelos atores sociais envolvidos com esse processo. A imunidade tributária ainda é um dos principais consequentes desse processo, ou seja, algumas OTS não valorizam essa certificação para outros benefícios, como o aumento da credibilidade e, por conseguinte, aumento da captação de recursos. Contribuições: Para a contabilidade voltada à sustentabilidade, no tocante à formulação de políticas públicas para apoiar o fortalecimento da gestão das OTS. O estudo alerta para a perda de oportunidades de aumentar a quantidade de doadores, nos níveis individual e organizacional, expondo a miopia dessa certificação. Para ampliar a literatura sobre certificações ao propor um modelo conceitual para ser testado em futuras pesquisas quantitativas.

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Risk aversion and certification: Evidence from the Nepali tea fields

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Risk Transfer Policies Facilitate Smallholder Farmer Climate Adaptation

Risk Transfer Policies Facilitate Smallholder Farmer Climate Adaptation

Characterizing Risk Behaviour of Maize Farmers using the Experimental Gambling Approach: An Empirical Study in Ghana

Antecedentes e consequentes do processo de obtenção e renovação do Certificado de Entidades Beneficentes de Assistência Social (Cebas)

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