Risk Behaviors, Medical Care, and Chlamydial Infection Among Young Men in the United States

Ku, Leighton; Louis, Michael St.; Farshy, Carol E.; Aral, Sevgi O.; Turner, Charles; Lindberg, Laura Duberstein; Sonenstein, Freya L.

doi:10.2105/ajph.92.7.1140

Cited by 64 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is contrary to extant research that depicts clear associations between sexual risk behavior and STI prevalence, as well as higher levels of sexual risk-taking among black young adults compared with their white counterparts. [50][51][52][53] While some researchers have suggested nonbehavioral, contextual factors that may impact STI prevalence (e.g., differential access to condoms, awareness of STI-prevention information, beliefs about invulnerability to negative health outcomes, partners' sexual risk, and partner concurrency), [54][55][56][57][58][59] few have shown as weak an association between risk behavior and STI diagnosis as that found in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Does Education Matter? Examining Racial Differences in the Association between Education and STI Diagnosis among Black and White Young Adult Females in the U.S.

et al. 2010

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SYNOPSISObjectives. Education has long been considered a protective factor against sexual risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents; however, few have explored this association and determined differences across racial/ethnic groups of young adult females on a national scale. The purpose of this study was to (1) describe the association between education and STI diagnosis among a national sample of black and white young adult females and (2) examine racial differences in this association.Methods. We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to assess the association between education and chlamydia, gonorrhea, and/or trichomoniasis (self-reported and assay-diagnosed) in 2001-2002 using logistic regression analysis.Results. After adjustment for risk behaviors, education was inversely associated with any assay-diagnosed STI, but this association was nonsignificant among black women for self-reported STI. Additionally, black females enrolled in, or who graduated from, college had significantly higher predicted probabilities of having an STI (12.4% self-reported; 13.4% assay-diagnosed) compared with white females who had less than a high school diploma (6.4% self-reported; 2.3% assay-diagnosed).Conclusions. Educational status was not uniformly protective against STIs for black and white females in this sample. Particularly for young black women, other factors may play a more prominent role in determining STI risk. Social determinants, such as education, should be viewed as important factors associated with STI prevalence, but their differential impact on various racial/ethnic groups should also be considered when addressing the disproportionate rates of STIs in the U.S.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Does Education Matter? Examining Racial Differences in the Association between Education and STI Diagnosis among Black and White Young Adult Females in the U.S.

et al. 2010

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“…[32][33][34][35] Some qualitative research reports that condoms symbolize infidelity, disease status, and mistrust, which acts as a barrier to continued condom use in long-term and committed relationships. [36][37][38][39][40] Although condom use has not been found to explain racial disparities in HIV or STI prevalence, 41,42 it is still a crucial behavior change goal. African Americans living in high HIV prevalence areas would have to achieve a much higher level of condom use across all partnership types to halt the heterosexual HIV epidemic and diminish racial disparities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condom Use and Concurrent Partnering among Heterosexually Active, African American Men: A Qualitative Report

et al. 2012

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African Americans are overrepresented among heterosexual cases of HIV/ AIDS in the USA. Inconsistent condom use and concurrent partnering are two sexual behaviors driving the heterosexual HIV epidemic in the African American community. To inform the development of an HIV prevention behavioral intervention to decrease concurrent partnering and increase condom use among African American heterosexual men, we conducted formative research, including 61 structured interviews, 5 focus groups with 25 men, and 30 in-depth qualitative interviews between July and December 2009. We used a grounded theoretical approach and categorizing strategies to code and analyze the qualitative data. Results around condom use confirmed earlier findings among heterosexual men in general: condoms diminish pleasure, interfere with erection, and symbolize infidelity. Although valued by some as a form of disease prevention and pregnancy prevention, condoms are often used only with specific types of female partners, such as new or casual partners, or due to visual risk assessment. Sex partner concurrency was described as normative and ascribed to men's "natural" desire to engage in a variety of sexual activities or their high sex drive, with little recognition of the role it plays in the heterosexual HIV epidemic. Fatherhood emerged among many men as a crucial life event and compelling motivation for reducing sexual risk behavior. Based on these results, we conclude that existing HIV prevention efforts to improve attitudes towards and motivate use of condoms either have not reached or have not been successful with African American heterosexual men. In designing behavioral interventions to decrease concurrent partnering and increase condom use, addressing negative attitudes towards condoms and partner risk assessment is critical, as is integrating novel motivational approaches related to identity as fathers and men in the African American community.

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“…However, to our knowledge, the only previous national prevalence estimate of chlamydial infection in the United States was limited to young men and had a relatively small sample size. 15 Other prevalence estimates have been limited to single urban areas. 16,17 Wave III of The National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health) provides the first opportunity to determine the national prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infection in young adult women and men in the United States.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections Among Young Adults in the United States

Miller

Ford²,

Morris

et al. 2004

JAMA

543

381

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Risk Behaviors, Medical Care, and Chlamydial Infection Among Young Men in the United States

Abstract: Chlamydial infection is common but usually asymptomatic and undiagnosed. Primary and secondary prevention efforts should be increased, particularly among young adult men.

Cited by 64 publications

References 12 publications

Does Education Matter? Examining Racial Differences in the Association between Education and STI Diagnosis among Black and White Young Adult Females in the U.S.

Does Education Matter? Examining Racial Differences in the Association between Education and STI Diagnosis among Black and White Young Adult Females in the U.S.

Condom Use and Concurrent Partnering among Heterosexually Active, African American Men: A Qualitative Report

Prevalence of Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections Among Young Adults in the United States

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