Risk Factors Associated to Types of Gallstone Diagnosed at Ibn-Sina Specialized Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

3 4 Introduction 3 5Gallstone disease (Cholelithiasis) affects 10 to 15% of the population of developed countries. Our 3 6 study aimed to determine the risk factors associated to different types of gallstone in patients 3 7 diagnosed in Khartoum State Ibnsina Gastroenterology Center. 3 8 Methods 3 9 A facility-based prospective cross-sectional study was implemented on a convenient sample of 47 4 0 participants diagnosed with gallstone through ultrasonography in Ibnsina Gastroenterology center 4 1 and who underwent surgical interventions for gallstone removal. A standardized interviewer-4 2 administrated research tool comprising three parts was used to collect data related to the 4 3 characteristics of the participants, their medical presentation and examination as well as 4 4 information on types of gallstone, surgical interventions and outcomes. The data were 4 5 computerized through Epi-info 7 and analyzed through SPSS 23. Descriptive statistics were firstly 4 6 performed and association was tested through Chi square tests and ANOVA. A multinomial 4 7 regression analysis established the relationship between types of gallstone and their associated risk 4 8 factors. All statistical tests were considered as significant when p < 0.05. 4 9 Results 5 0The risk factors statistically associated to gallstone types were family history (p = 0.011) and 5 1 duration of living in the residence area (p= 0.043) in pigment-cholesterol gallstone model vs 5 2 mixed-cholesterol gallstone model. Other four risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of 5 3 gallstone were parity (OR = 1.623 [95% CI: 0.795-3.315]) vs (OR = 1.426, [95% CI: 0.729-5 4 2.790]), waist circumference (OR= 1.014 [95% CI: 0.948-1.085]) vs (OR = 1.001 [95% CI: 0.942-5 5 1.065]), chronic disease (OR = 0.698, [95% CI: 0.028 -17.445]) vs (OR = 0.354, [95% CI: 0.021-5 6 6.087]) and serum triglyceride (OR = 0.985, [95% CI: 0.950-1.022]) vs (OR= 0.980, [95% CI: 5 7 0.949-1.012]). 5 8 Conclusion 5 9 Our finding indicated six risk factors related to types of gallstone. Further multicenter research in 6 0Sudan on risk factors is needed to calibrate and validate our model. 6 1 Keyword: Cholelithiasis, Gallstone disease, Risk factors, Types of gallstone, Ultrasonography.6 2 6 3 9 1gallstone as well as between types of gallstone and positive history of type 2 diabetes (p=0.035). 2The other risk factors assessed were family history of GSD, history of dyslipedemia, total 9 3 cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, 9 4 fasting blood glucose, parity and use of exogenous oestrogen in female patients, smoking and 9 5 alcohol consumption in males were not statistically associated (p >0.05) to the types of gallstone. 6Another study [29] on a sample of 100 patients investigated the association between gallstone 9 7 characteristics and 23 patient parameters. A statistically significant association was found between 9 8 both mean diastolic (p=0.012) and systolic blood pressure and types of gallstone (p=0.027).

Knowledge and awareness about gallbladder stones and their complications among the general population in Saudi Arabia

“…Gallstone disease, an asymptomatic disease, is typically defined by chance during an ultrasonography screening. However, it also might lead to nausea, vomiting, fever, jaundice, back pain and abdominal pain (Shaddad, 2019).…”