Risk factors associated with human Rift Valley fever infection: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Nicholas, Dennis E.; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Waters, Nigel

doi:10.1111/tmi.12385

Cited by 63 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…Between 2006 and 2008, the East African countries of Kenya and Tanzania and other countries: Somalia, Sudan, Madagascar and South Africa had outbreaks [15–22]. From 1977 to 1993, outbreaks occurred in Egypt, Senegal and Mauritania [23–26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley fever seroprevalence and abortion frequency among livestock of Kisoro district, South Western Uganda (2016): a prerequisite for zoonotic infection

Budasha¹,

Gonzalez

Sebhatu

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundRift Valley fever (RVF) is classified as viral hemorrhagic fever and is endemic in East and West Africa. RVF is caused by an arthropod borne virus (RVFV); the disease is zoonotic and affects human, animal health as well as international trade. In livestock it causes abortions, while human infection occurs through close contact with infected animals or animal products.MethodsA quantitative observational study using stratified sampling was conducted in the western region of Uganda. Blood samples and abortion events from 1000 livestock (goats, sheep and cattle) was collected and recorded. Serum was analyzed for RVFV IgG reacting antibodies using competitive ELISA test.ResultsThe overall RVFV seroprevalence was of 10.4% (104/1000). Cattle had the highest seroprevalence (7%) followed by Sheep (2.2%) then goats (1.2%). Species specific RVFV seroprevalence was highest in cattle (20.5%) followed by sheep (6.8%) then goats (3.6%). RVFV seroprevalence in northern highlands (21.8%) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in the southern lowlands (3.7%). Overall prevalence of abortion was (17.4%), sheep had the highest prevalence of abortion (7.8%) followed by goats (6.3%) and then cattle (3.3%). Species specific abortion prevalence was highest in Sheep (24.1%) followed by goats (18.8%) and then 9.7% in cattle.ConclusionRVFV is endemic in Kisoro district and livestock in the highland areas are more likely to be exposed to RVFV infection compared to those in the southern lowlands. Out breaks in livestock most likely will lead to zoonotic infection in Kisoro district.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley fever seroprevalence and abortion frequency among livestock of Kisoro district, South Western Uganda (2016): a prerequisite for zoonotic infection

Budasha¹,

Gonzalez

Sebhatu

et al. 2018

BMC Vet Res

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“…Mortality rates and clinical signs in ruminants, including fever, weakness, anorexia and abortion [1,3,4], are influenced by age and species. Humans are also infected by aerosol or percutaneous routes [5,6], causing a febrile illness and in 1 % of cases encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever [7]. Despite its severity, there is no licensed vaccine to protect humans but three vaccines are available for animal use in endemic regions (reviewed in [8]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley fever virus: strategies for maintenance, survival and vertical transmission in mosquitoes

Lumley

Horton

Hernandez-Triana

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

101

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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus causing severe disease in humans and ruminants. Spread of RVFV out of Africa has raised concerns that it could emerge in Europe or the USA. Virus persistence is dependent on successful infection of, replication in, and transmission to susceptible vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, modulated by virushost and vector-virus interactions. The principal accepted theory for the long-term maintenance of RVFV involves vertical transmission (VT) of virus to mosquito progeny, with the virus surviving long inter-epizootic periods within the egg. This VT hypothesis, however, is yet to be comprehensively proven. Here, evidence for and against the VT of RVFV is reviewed along with the identification of factors limiting its detection in natural and experimental data. The observations of VT for other arboviruses in the genera Alphavirus, Flavivirus and Orthobunyavirus are discussed within the context of RVFV. The review concludes that VT of RVFV is likely but that current data are insufficient to irrefutably prove this hypothesis.

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“…As most human RVF cases are transmitted from animals (WHO 2010; LaBeaud et al 2008; Sang et al 2010; Nicholas et al 2014), we assumed that animal RVF control strategies would reduce human epidemics by lowering the number of infected animals and virus amplification cycle in these hosts. Therefore, from a public health perspective, the need for CEA-based prioritisation of animal control measures was considered compelling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A majority of human infections result from contact with blood or organs of infected animals (WHO 2010; LaBeaud et al 2008; Sang et al 2010; Nicholas et al 2014), while few result from bites by infected mosquitoes. Peaks in human RVF incidences coincide with outbreaks (epizootics) in livestock (Woods et al 2002; Archer et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Benefits from Livestock Rift Valley Fever Control: A Simulation of Two Epidemics in Kenya

et al. 2016

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In controlling Rift Valley fever, public health sector optimises health benefits by considering cost-effective control options. We modelled cost-effectiveness of livestock RVF control from a public health perspective in Kenya. Analysis was limited to pastoral and agro-pastoral system high-risk areas, for a 10-year period incorporating two epidemics: 2006/2007 and a hypothetical one in 2014/2015. Four integrated strategies (baseline and alternatives), combined from three vaccination and two surveillance options, were compared. Baseline strategy included annual vaccination of 1.2–11% animals plus passive surveillance and monitoring of nine sentinel herds. Compared to the baseline, two alternatives assumed improved vaccination coverage. A herd dynamic RVF animal simulation model produced number of animals infected under each strategy. A second mathematical model implemented in R estimated number people who would be infected by the infected animals. The 2006/2007 RVF epidemic resulted in 3974 undiscounted, unweighted disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Improving vaccination coverage to 41–51% (2012) and 27–33% (2014) 3 years before the hypothetical 2014/2015 outbreak can avert close to 1200 DALYs. Improved vaccinations showed cost-effectiveness (CE) values of US$ 43–53 per DALY averted. The baseline practice is not cost-effective to the public health sector.

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Risk factors associated with human Rift Valley fever infection: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 63 publications

References 31 publications

Rift Valley fever seroprevalence and abortion frequency among livestock of Kisoro district, South Western Uganda (2016): a prerequisite for zoonotic infection

Rift Valley fever seroprevalence and abortion frequency among livestock of Kisoro district, South Western Uganda (2016): a prerequisite for zoonotic infection

Rift Valley fever virus: strategies for maintenance, survival and vertical transmission in mosquitoes

Public Health Benefits from Livestock Rift Valley Fever Control: A Simulation of Two Epidemics in Kenya

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