Risk Factors Associated with the Choice to Drink Bottled Water and Tap Water in Rural Saskatchewan

McLeod, Lianne; Bharadwaj, Lalita; Waldner, Cheryl L.

doi:10.3390/ijerph110201626

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, less than one-quarter of participants drank water straight from the tap at home and were satisfied with the quality of tap water they did drink. Despite the lower reported prevalence of tap water consumption in our study compared with previous Canadian reports from Indigenous and other rural communities [16,17], the satisfaction with tap water in our sample was similar to that in a study among Indigenous communities in Canada [16]. Improvements in on-reserve water quality and access to more information about water testing have led to increasing levels of trust in water quality among Indigenous residents who drink tap water [16].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Improvements in on-reserve water quality and access to more information about water testing have led to increasing levels of trust in water quality among Indigenous residents who drink tap water [16]. A study in rural Saskatchewan found that living in the same area for more than 10 years and not experiencing water advisories were factors associated with daily tap water consumption [17]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with drinking and being satisfied with tap water in Indigenous communities in Saskatchewan, Canada

Bermedo-Carrasco

Bharadwaj

Waldner

2018

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Previous studies have described concerns regarding tap water in Indigenous communities, yet there is little information on participants who report drinking their tap water and being satisfied with its quality. This study undertaken with members of 8 Indigenous communities in Saskatchewan, Canada, and identified factors associated with both the decision to drink tap water at home and being satisfied with its quality. We examined the importance of factors such as individual attributes, experiences, attitudes, household and community-based variables. Less than one-quarter of participants (23.4%) drank tap water and were satisfied with its quality. Individuals who did not boil tap water (odds ratio [OR] = 5.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68–19.8), those who did not experience tap water odour (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.26–4.50) and participants living in communities away from urban centres (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.63–4.51) were more likely to drink and be satisfied with their tap water. Concerns about the environment had the most impact on community members aged 55+ years. Those not reporting concerns about environmental problems affecting water (OR = 11.4, 95% CI = 3.10–42.2) were much more likely to drink and be satisfied with their tap water. Programmes to improve water quality, reduce the need for boil water advisories and increase community confidence in the environment could improve tap water satisfaction and consumption.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with drinking and being satisfied with tap water in Indigenous communities in Saskatchewan, Canada

Bermedo-Carrasco

Bharadwaj

Waldner

2018

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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“…Choices about drinking water consumption are governed by a complex set of factors related to sensory perception; risk perception; and economic, psychological and social issues, including media reports and marketing messages. 13 Walters and colleagues recommended exploring social or other underlying determinants of risk, such as community perceptions of the problem, to allow better mitigation of the risk. 12 …”

Section: Nsw Government Initiativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing the Gap: the need to consider perceptions about drinking water in rural Aboriginal communities in NSW, Australia

Jaravani¹,

Massey²,

Judd³

et al. 2016

Public Health Research & Pr

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A crucial objective of the Australian Government's Closing the Gap program is to improve Aboriginal health, and to achieve morbidity and mortality rates similar to those for non-Indigenous Australians. Reducing public health risks due to drinking water of unknown quality will help to close the gap.Factors such as hardness, taste, colour and odour of water may influence perceptions of risk and quality. Increased contact and familiarity with a hazard is associated with individuals becoming desensitised and habituated to its presence, so that their risk judgements may reflect their behavioural experiences. Consumption of water of unknown quality, such as rainwater, instead of treated town water in Australian Aboriginal communities may be a community norm, a part of a community's culture or a result of lack of trust in government water suppliers.Partnerships between service providers and communities can ensure that the service is responsive to community needs, is conducted in a culturally appropriate manner and is beneficial to the community. Governance of drinking water in Aboriginal communities cannot be comprehensive without active engagement of the communities involved, and greater understanding of cultural issues, perceptions and behaviours towards drinking water quality. This Perspective article reviews the literature to shed light on the need to consider New South Wales (NSW) Aboriginal perceptions about drinking water and its acceptability. We urge more dialogue and research, and a policy focus that includes partnerships with discrete NSW Aboriginal communities to develop a deeper understanding of perceptions of drinking water and encourage consumption of safe water.

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“…The systems are open and vulnerable to environmental conditions and surrounding land use activities, making the water quality variable and sometimes unpredictable (Cessna et al 2015;Delpla et al 2015;Gough et al 2016;McLeod et al 2014). One concern is the threat posed by waterborne pathogens, such as Campylobacter, Legionella and various enteropathogenic coliforms, such as E. coli and Shigella, which can be introduced into watersheds by runoff from agricultural lands contaminated with animal wastes (Ferguson et al 2003;Leclerc et al 2002;World Health Organization 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

From source to filter: changes in bacterial community composition during potable water treatment

2017

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Rural communities rely on surface water reservoirs for potable water. Effective removal of chemical contaminants and bacterial pathogens from these reservoirs requires an understanding of the bacterial community diversity that is present. In this study, we carried out a 16S rRNAbased profiling approach to describe the bacterial consortia in the raw surface water entering the water treatment plants of two rural communities. Our results show that source water is dominated by the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria with some evidence of seasonal effects altering the predominant groups at each location. A subsequent community analysis of sections through a biological carbon filter in the water treatment plant revealed a significant increase in the proportion of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Nitrospirae relative to raw water. Also, very few enteric coliforms were identified in either the source water or within the filter, although the abundance of Mycobacterium was high, and was found throughout the filter along with Aeromonas, Legionella, and Pseudomonas. This study provides valuable insight into bacterial community composition within drinking water treatment facilities, and the importance of implementing appropriate disinfection practices to ensure safe potable water for rural communities.

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Risk Factors Associated with the Choice to Drink Bottled Water and Tap Water in Rural Saskatchewan

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

Factors associated with drinking and being satisfied with tap water in Indigenous communities in Saskatchewan, Canada

Factors associated with drinking and being satisfied with tap water in Indigenous communities in Saskatchewan, Canada

Closing the Gap: the need to consider perceptions about drinking water in rural Aboriginal communities in NSW, Australia

From source to filter: changes in bacterial community composition during potable water treatment

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