Risk factors for age‐related maculopathy in a 14‐year follow‐up study: the Copenhagen City Eye Study

Abstract

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To examine the association between potential risk factors and the 14-year incidence of age-related maculopathy (ARM). Design: Population-based cohort study. Participants: At baseline, 946 volunteers participated in the study during 1986-88. These subjects were between 60 and 80 years of age and lived in the Østerbro district of Copenhagen. Excluding participants who had died since baseline, 359 subjects (97.3% of survivors) were re-examined 14 years later, during [2000][2001][2002]. A total of 31.8% (301/946) of the original material was included in the risk factor analyses. Methods: Participants underwent an ophthalmological examination at Rigshospitalet, the National University Hospital of Copenhagen. Similar standardized protocols for physical examination were used at the baseline and follow-up examinations. Age-related maculopathy lesions were determined by the same grader grading colour fundus photographs from both examinations using a modification of the Wisconsin Age-related Maculopathy Grading System protocol. Results: Of the 359 participants, 94 had incident early ARM and 52 had incident late ARM at follow-up in either eye. In logistic regression, the risk factors for early ARM or worse were as follows: cataract (odds ratio [OR] 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-6.2); family history of ARM (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.3-15.5), and alcohol consumption > 250 g/week (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.1-19.2). High levels of apolipoprotein B (> 100 mg/l) decreased the risk of development of early ARM or worse (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8), while high levels of apolipoprotein A1 ( ‡ 150 mg/l) increased the risk of late ARM (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-5.3). Advanced age at baseline was also associated with the incidence of late ARM (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-2.9). Conclusions: These findings indicate a direct correlation between age, cataract, family history, alcohol consumption, the apolipoproteins A1 and B and the 14-year incidence of ARM.

Refractive error and smoking habits in exudative age-related macular degeneration in a hospital-based setting

“…In a parallel manner, the prospective Copenhagen City Eye Study did not find an association between smoking and AMD nor did the Beijing Eye Study. 17,25 The question arises why the studies differed in the finding of associations between smoking and AMD, or hyperopia and AMD. One may discuss whether the described associations between smoking and AMD were because of a confounding effect.…”

Ocular and systemic factors associated with diabetes mellitus in the adult population in rural and urban China. The Beijing Eye Study

“…Mostly confirming previous studies, this may suggest that the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration may not be due to a similar microvascular mechanism as in diabetes mellitus. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In the binary analysis, the presence of diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with the body mass index. The association with body mass index was, however, statistically weaker than the associations between diabetes mellitus and blood pressure, levels of triglycerides, rural vs urban region, and the presence of arteriolar sheathing (Table 3).…”

Amžinės geltonosios dėmės degeneracijos gydymas: dabartinis požiūris (literatūros apžvalga)

“…Kuo vyresnis žmogus, tuo didesnė AGDD pasireiškimo rizika [7]. Taip pat AGDD pasireiš-kimo rizika moterims yra didesnė negu vyrams [8]. Nustatyta, kad kuo daugiau žmonių šeimoje serga AGDD, tuo didesnė rizika susirgti šia liga kitiems šeimos nariams [9,10].…”