2014
DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9493
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Risk factors for bleeding in hepatocellular adenoma

Abstract: Risk factors for bleeding of HCA include diameter of 35 mm or more, visualization of lesional arteries, location in the left lateral liver, and exophytic growth.

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Cited by 97 publications
(79 citation statements)
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“…9,10 Although HCAs are benign, lesions larger than 5 cm have a relatively high risk of bleeding (25-40%) and an estimated risk of malignant transformation of approximately 5 per cent. [11][12][13] For these lesions elective resection is generally accepted as treatment of choice and can be performed both through an open or laparoscopic approach.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…9,10 Although HCAs are benign, lesions larger than 5 cm have a relatively high risk of bleeding (25-40%) and an estimated risk of malignant transformation of approximately 5 per cent. [11][12][13] For these lesions elective resection is generally accepted as treatment of choice and can be performed both through an open or laparoscopic approach.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Massive hemorrhage was defined as intrahepatic (grade II) or intraperitoneal (grade III), as reported by Bieze et al[8] in 2014. Patients with intratumoural hemorrhage (grade I) were excluded from this study.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…OC use, tumor size of > 5 cm, exophytic growth of the tumor and inflammatory subtype (I-HCA) are associated with a higher risk of bleeding[7,8]. Most hemorrhages are intratumoral; however, in cases of massive bleeding, rupture of the HCA can occur, resulting in intraparenchymal hemorrhage and subcapsular hematoma.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These compounded by the high pressure arterial flow and lack of substantial fibrous capsule make them prone to bleed. More recent studies have associated pregnancy, adenoma size > 3.5 cm, visualization of lesional arteries, left lateral lobe location, and exophytic growth as risk factors for spontaneous bleeding [27] . Bleeding can be subclassified as intra-tumoral, intrahepatic or extra-hepatic (hemoperitoneum).…”
Section: Rupture/bleeding -How To Deal?mentioning
confidence: 99%