Risk factors for breast cancer in older women: the relative contribution of bone mineral density and other established risk factors

Cauley, Jane A.; Song, Jingli; Dowsett, Sherie A.; Mershon, John L.; Cummings, Steven R.

doi:10.1007/s10549-006-9326-5

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our results are in line with several previously reported prospective and retrospective studies which revealed higher incidence of breast cancer in postmenopausal woman with higher BMD [2], [4]–[13], [15]–[17]. The majority of the reports originate from large databases such as the Rotterdam [6], Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) [5] and Framingham [16] studies or from pivotal trials in the field of osteoporosis (SOF, FIT, DOES) [2], [7], [9], that integrated data on BMD and breast cancer incidence in the same patient (2,4–7,9).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Others have shown that the positive relationship between BMD and breast cancer risk can be largely explained by effects of covariates and endogenous hormones such as age at menarche and menopause [13], [15]. In one study, an association between higher BMD and the risk for breast cancer was only observed in women with low estradiol level [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Bone Mineral Density and Incidence of Breast Cancer

et al. 2013

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IntroductionPrevious studies have suggested an inverse relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and breast cancer incidence. The primary objective of this study was to assess whether BMD is associated with risk of subsequent breast cancer occurrence in the female population of southern Israel.MethodsThe electronic medical charts of women who underwent BMD at the Soroka Medical Center (SMC) between February 2003 and March 2011 were screened for subsequent breast cancer diagnoses. Women were divided by tertiles of BMD at 3 skeletal sites: lumbar spine (LS, L1–4), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN). The incidence of breast cancer was calculated.ResultsOf 15268 women who underwent BMD testing, 86 were subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer. Most women in the study were older than 50 years (94.2% and 92.7%, respectively; p = 0.597). Women who subsequently developed breast cancer had a higher mean body-mass index (BMI) (30.9±5.5 vs. 29.1±5.7 p = 0.004) and the mean BMD Z-score was significantly higher than in those without breast cancer for all 3 skeletal sites (LS: 0.36±1.58 vs. −0.12±1.42, p = 0.002; TH: 0.37±1.08 vs. 0.03±1.02, p = 0.002; FN: 0.04±0.99 vs. −0.18±0.94; p = 0.026). Women in the highest Z-score tertiles at the FN and TH had a higher chance of developing breast cancer compared to the lowest tertile; odds ratio of 2.15, 2.02, respectively (P = 0.004 and 0.01 respectively). No association was found between the BMD Z-score and the stage, histology, grade or survival from breast cancer.ConclusionsThis study provides additional support for an inverse association between BMD and the risk of breast cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Bone Mineral Density and Incidence of Breast Cancer

et al. 2013

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“…However, not all the studies have shown this relationship between BMD and breast cancer risk [22][23][24][25][26]. The San Francisco Mammography Registry was linked to regional BMD databases, and 15,254 women were identified who had a mammogram and BMD within 2 years of each other in a study examining whether breast cancer risk correlated with mammographic density and/or BMD [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone mineral density and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer

Grenier

Cooke

Lix

et al. 2010

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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To determine if higher bone mineral density (BMD) is a risk factor for breast cancer in women age 50 years and older. 37,860 women ≥ 50-year old with no previous breast cancer diagnosis had baseline BMD assessment between January 1999 and December 2007. Cox proportional hazards models were created for time to a new breast cancer as a function of lumbar spine or femoral neck BMD quartile (1st = lowest as reference) with adjustment for relevant covariates. A secondary analysis was performed to look for an association with estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancers. 794 invasive and in situ breast cancers (484 ER-positive) occurred with a median follow up of 5.4 years. Increased breast cancer risk was seen for the 3rd and 4th quartiles of lumbar spine BMD with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.01-1.58) and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.16-1.81), respectively and for the 3rd quartile of femoral neck BMD with a HR of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.07-1.64). A test for linear trend showed that lumbar spine BMD (P < 0.001) and femoral neck BMD (P = 0.04) were associated with increased risk. Higher lumbar spine BMD was also associated with increased risk of ER-positive breast cancer with HR of 1.45 (95% CI, 1.08-1.94), and 1.68 (95% CI, 1.24-2.27) for women in the 2nd and 4th quartiles, respectively. A test for linear trend showed lumbar spine BMD was associated with increasing risk of ER-positive breast cancer (P = 0.003). Increased ER-positive breast cancer risk was seen for the 3rd quartile of femoral neck BMD with a HR of 1.43 (95% CI, 1.08-1.89). Higher lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD are associated with higher risk of breast cancer in women ≥50-year old. Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD are associated with increased risk of ER-positive breast cancer.

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“…A biológiai rendszer rendszeralgoritmusai is megváltoznak az élettartam emelkedésével, amelyek az ismert gerontológiai események feltárásával kerültek igazolásra. Így a környezetterhelésekkel megváltoztatott feltételen egy már módosult (lelassult, és alacsonyabb komplexitási kapacitású) működést prezentáló rendszernek kell a homeosztatikus egyensúlyt fenntartani [36,37]. Az, hogy a daganatos betegségek incidenciája és prevalenciája idősebb korban igazoltan kifejezettebb, a vázolt okokkal is magyarázható [34].…”

Section: Környezeti Alkalmazkodási Potenciál Csökkenés éS Egyes Biolóunclassified

“…öregedés [36,37]) és/vagy annak környezetében (környezetterhelések [5,6,7]) változások jelennek meg. Az említett változások lehetnek erőteljesek [32] és/vagy egyszerre több helyen kialakulók [33], amelyek következtében az alkalmazkodási kapacitás az adott organizmus esetében csökken, esetleg egy kritikus küszöbértéket is elér [4], ami következményesen a rendszer viselkedésének és/vagy állapotciklusának megváltozását indukálja.…”

Section: Megbeszélésunclassified

A környezeti terhelések és patomechanizmusok kapcsolata

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Risk factors for breast cancer in older women: the relative contribution of bone mineral density and other established risk factors

Abstract: Overall, BMD is a relatively weak predictor of breast cancer risk in these postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, after taking into consideration age, family history and endogenous estradiol level.

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Association between Bone Mineral Density and Incidence of Breast Cancer

Association between Bone Mineral Density and Incidence of Breast Cancer

Bone mineral density and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer

A környezeti terhelések és patomechanizmusok kapcsolata

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