Risk factors for domestic sporadic campylobacteriosis among young children in Sweden

Abstract

A case-control study was conducted in Sweden to study risk factors for domestically acquired Campylobacter jejuni/coli infections among children aged less than 6 y. A total of 126 cases, reported to the national surveillance system were recruited over 1 y. Controls, selected from the population register, were matched to the cases by age, gender, place of residence and time of infection of the case. Information was gathered by posted questionnaires. Two separate conditional regression models were developed including and excluding 'protective' factors. Two of the factors significantly associated with Campylobacter infection were water-related: having a well in the household (OR=2.6) and drinking water from a lake/river (OR=7.4; 6.0). Other exposures associated with increased risk were: having a dog (OR=8.4; 3.8) and eating grilled meat (OR=5.5; 2.1). Drinking unpasteurized milk was borderline significant in 1 model (OR=3.7). Eating sausage was protective (OR=0.05). Eating chicken was not a significant risk. Exposures such as eating grilled meat and drinking water from a lake or a river were more common in the warm months, a factor that may partly explain the observed seasonality. The authors suggest that differences between risk factors across studies may reflect geographical and age-specific differences in the sources of infection.

Risk factors for indigenousCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliinfections in The Netherlands: a case-control study

“…Other frequently reported risk factors are consumption of unpasteurized milk [14,15,20], eating in a restaurant [14,17,19,21], contact with pets, especially puppies [13,14,16,19,22,23], contact with farm animals [13,14,17,19,20,23,24] and foreign travel [13-16, 19, 21].…”

Impact of Rurality, Broiler Operations, and Community Socioeconomic Factors on the Risk of Campylobacteriosis in Maryland

“…Fullerton et al (2007) found the risk to be even higher for infants exposed to a pet with diarrhea in the home (OR 7.6; 95% CI=2.1-28) (Fullerton, 2007). Carrique-Mas et al (2005) found having a dog in the household to be a significant contributor to risk of Campylobacter infection (adjusted OR 3.8; 95% CI=1.5-…”

“…Commonly reported risk factors for Campylobacter outbreaks include exposure to undercooked poultry 5 , unpasteurized milk, 6;7 and contaminated water 8 . Eating in restaurants 9 , not observing proper food preparation practices 10 and traveling abroad 9;11 , have also been associated with both outbreaks and sporadic (non-outbreak) cases of campylobacteriosis.…”

Risk factors for infection withCampylobacter jejuni flaAgenotypes

“…Case-control studies of potential risk factors for campylobacteriosis have been undertaken in several countries [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] including Australia [12,13]. Consumption of chicken is the most commonly identified risk factor for sporadic campylobacteriosis.…”