Risk factors for falls in hospitalized adult patients: an integrative review

Abstract

Rev Esc Enferm USP2014; 48(3):537-51 www.ee.usp.br/reeusp/ RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo para la ocurrencia de caídas en pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura de artículos publicados entre los años 1989 al 2012 en las bases de datos LILACS, SciElO, MEDLINE y Web of Science. Resultados: La muestra final estuvo compuesta por setenta y un artículos. Entre los factores de riesgo de caídas indicados en esta revisión están los relacionados con el paciente (intrínsecos), con el ambiente hospitalario y con el proceso de trabajo de los profesionales de la salud, especialmente enfermería (extrínse-cos). Conclusión: La detección sistemática de factores de riesgo asociados a caídas fue identificada como un factor que contribuye a la reducción de este daño, favoreciendo de esta manera su no ocurrencia, la que a pesar de ser prevenible puede acarrear consecuencias graves, incluyendo la muerte. DESCRIPTORESAccidentes por caídas Pacientes interno Hospitalización Seguridad del paciente Atención de enfermeira Revisión RESUMOObjetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco para a ocorrência de quedas em pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Método: Revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE e Web of Science, abrangendo artigos publicados entre 1989 e 2012. Resultados: Setenta e um artigos compuseram a amostra final do estudo. Os fatores de risco para quedas apresentados nesta revisão foram relacionados ao paciente (intrínsecos), ao ambiente hospitalar e ao processo de trabalho dos profissionais da saúde, em especial à enfermagem (extrínsecos). Conclusão: A triagem sistemática de fatores de risco para queda foi identificada como fator contribuinte para a redução desse agravo, auxiliando a não ocorrência deste evento que, apesar de ser prevenível, pode determinar consequên-cias graves incluindo o óbito. DESCRITORES Acidentes por quedas Pacientes internados Hospitalização Segurança do paciente Cuidados de enfermagem Revisão ABSTRACTObjective: Identifying risk factors for the occurrence of falls in hospitalized adult patients. Method: Integrative review carried out in the databases of LILACS, SciELO, ME-DLINE and Web of Science, including articles published between 1989 and 2012. Results: Seventy-one articles were included in the final sample. Risk factors for falls presented in this review were related to patients (intrinsic), the hospital setting and the working process of health professionals, especially in nursing (extrinsic). Conclusion: The systematic screening of risk factors for falls was identified as a contributing factor to the reduction of this injury, helping the nonoccurrence of this event that, despite being preventable, can have serious consequences including death. DESCRIPTORS

Competências Do Enfermeiro Na Prevenção De Quedas Em Crianças À Luz Do Consenso De Galway

“…27 Given the importance of adopting safe practices, corrective and proactive measures must be taken, as well as developing strategies that reduce the occurrence of falls and the resulting harm in hospitalized patients. 28 Impact assessment aims to determine the extent, effectiveness and impact of health promotion programs and policies. This includes using appropriate assessments and research methods to support improvement, sustainability and dissemination programs.…”

Epidemiological pattern and outcome of head injuries during festive and non-festive periods in a tertiary hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria

“…15 Falls are shown to be a greater etiologic factor at the extremes of age and this is in agreement with most other studies. [16][17][18][19][20] The small rise in the incidence of falls during the festive periods may also be attributed to alcohol intoxication, indiscriminate use of illegal drugs, carelessness and child abuse.…”

Conceptual definitions of indicators for the nursing outcome "Knowledge: Fall Prevention"

“…A literature review on risk factors for falls has found 18 different countries with publications on the subject, besides identifying that the number of publications has been increasing progressively (31) , portraying the concern with knowledge about the issues involving falls, such as risk factors and prevention of the event in the hospital setting. Similarly, the present study also identified an increase in studies published throughout the period from 2006 to 2014.…”

“…Issues, such as polypharmacy (≥4 drugs) and drug side effects are important factors that may increase the risk for falls (20,25,(27)(28)(29)31) . Conceptual definition: the patient describes his or her knowledge about the prescribed drugs related to the increased risk for falls, such as: antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics, diuretics, benzodiazepines, sedatives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioid analgesics, muscle relaxants, antihistamines, insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents; due to the presence of side effects, such as hypotension, bradycardia, somnolence, dizziness, reflex changes, visual changes, hypoglycemia, urinary urgency, intestinal urgency.…”