Risk factors for heroin use following release from jail or prison in adults in a Central Appalachian state between 2012-2017

Smith, Kirsten E.; Archuleta, Adrian J.; Staton, Michele; Winston, Erin

doi:10.1080/00952990.2020.1725032

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…These results were somewhat surprising considering that heroin is more available and widely used in large metropolitan areas, whereas prescription pain relievers are believed to be more accessible and culturally acceptable among nonmetropolitan area populations. [12][13][14] Metropolitan area differences in cocaine use and methamphetamine use persisted in multivariable analyses after adjusting for the effects of covariates (shown in Table 3). However, metropolitan area differences in at-risk drinking did not persist after adjusting for the effects of covariates and accounting for multiple comparisons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence is mixed regarding metropolitan area differences in heroin use and prescription opioid misuse 9 , 23 , 26 , 27 among community samples of justice involved adults, and the unadjusted rates of these substance use behaviors did not significantly differ by metropolitan area status in the present study. These results were somewhat surprising considering that heroin is more available and widely used in large metropolitan areas, whereas prescription pain relievers are believed to be more accessible and culturally acceptable among nonmetropolitan area populations 12 – 14 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14] For instance, cocaine and heroin are more accessible in large metropolitan areas compared to nonmetropolitan areas, whereas prescription opioids and methamphetamines are readily available and more culturally engrained in nonmetropolitan areas. [12][13][14] An enhanced understanding about the variation of use patterns in the metropolitan and non-metropolitan context would assist policymakers, probation and parole staff, and service providers to direct limited resources more effectively while increasing the quality of care received in the different contexts. Specifically, work in this area can assess whether services match the needs of the population, particularly in rural locations where there is a dearth of services available, and aid in better conceptualizing prevention and intervention strategies at the appropriate individual, community, and policy-level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher rates of any illicit substance use are found in large metropolitan areas, but significant variation exists between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas regarding specific types of substance use 11 . Metropolitan-level differences in substance use behaviors are largely influenced by population density variations in illicit substance availability and attitudes about substance use 12 – 14 . For instance, cocaine and heroin are more accessible in large metropolitan areas compared to nonmetropolitan areas, whereas prescription opioids and methamphetamines are readily available and more culturally engrained in nonmetropolitan areas 12 – 14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Metropolitan Context of Substance use and Substance use Disorders among US Adults on Probation or Parole Supervision

2022

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Background: Rates of substance use and substance use disorders are higher among adults on probation or parole supervision compared to the general population. Substance use is a risk factor of not adhering to supervision requirements, which may result in revocation and incarceration. Examining associations of metropolitan area status with substance use and substance use disorders may identify specific substance use behaviors that can be targeted in community corrections prevention and treatment services. The present study examined associations of metropolitan area residency with substance use and substance use disorders among adults on probation or parole supervision. Methods: Data came from the 2015 to 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health ([NSDUH]; N = 4266 adults on parole or probation). Multivariable logistic regression was run for substance-specific models for each of the two outcomes of past-year use and substance use disorder. Results: Nonmetropolitan residency was associated with higher odds of methamphetamine use and lower odds of cocaine use. Nonmetropolitan residency was associated with higher odds of methamphetamine use disorder and lower odds of opioid use disorder and cocaine use disorder. Conclusions: Study findings highlight the differences of substance use and substance use disorders between levels of metropolitan areas for those on probation or parole. Findings suggest that cocaine use should be emphasized in clinical services in large metropolitan areas, whereas methamphetamine use may be prioritized in nonmetropolitan areas. Further study is needed to investigate the interface of substance use behaviors and community corrections outcomes across metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Metropolitan Context of Substance use and Substance use Disorders among US Adults on Probation or Parole Supervision

2022

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“…Furthermore, the results of this study indicated that the risk of recidivism was 2.3 times higher among Schedule I and II drug users than Schedule I drug users. It appears that polydrug use is an indicator of the severity of drug use (Prendergast et al, 2013) it may be closely correlated with drug recidivism, low treatment efficacy, and high imprisonment rates (Eastwood et al, 2017;Smith et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recidivism of Individuals Who Completed Schedule I Drugs Deferred Prosecution Treatment: A Population-Based Follow-Up Study from 2008 to 2020 in Taiwan

Chung²,

Hsu

et al. 2023

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Deferred Prosecution with Condition to Complete the Addiction Treatment (DPCCAT) is a judicial diversion program in Taiwan that shifts people who use drugs away from the label drug offender and toward the label patient. However, little is known about the effectiveness of completing a DPCCAT program on people who use drugs. Using a nationwide population-based retrospective panel data from 2008 to 2020, recidivism is defined as a person was caught urine positive and charged by a prosecutor after their completion of DPCCAT. After controlled gender, age, and region, comparisons of recidivism rates and time to relapse between Schedule I drug use only, Schedule I & II drug use, and heterogeneous group were examined. Of 24,248 participants with DPCCAT, 11,141 (46%) completed the one-year treatment program. Of completers, the five-year recidivism rates are significantly lower for the Schedule I drug use only (26%) than Schedule I & II drugs use (52%) and heterogeneous group (47%). Results from Cox regression indicated that the duration of recidivate to drug use is significantly longer for the Schedule I drug only than the other two groups after controlling for demographics. The main findings support that completion of a DPCCAT program only reduces the risk of recidivism for people who use Schedule I drug only and is less effective for polydrug users and heterogeneous group. We suggest that characteristics of people who use drugs and other criminal offenses should be taken into consideration for triage when DPCCAT is offered.

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Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2020

Bodnar

2022

Peptides

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Risk factors for heroin use following release from jail or prison in adults in a Central Appalachian state between 2012-2017

Cited by 6 publications

References 108 publications

The Metropolitan Context of Substance use and Substance use Disorders among US Adults on Probation or Parole Supervision

The Metropolitan Context of Substance use and Substance use Disorders among US Adults on Probation or Parole Supervision

Recidivism of Individuals Who Completed Schedule I Drugs Deferred Prosecution Treatment: A Population-Based Follow-Up Study from 2008 to 2020 in Taiwan

Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2020

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