Risk factors for hypertension and diabetes comorbidity in a Korean population: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Hypertension and diabetes are risk factors for severe cardiovascular disease and are prevalent comorbidities. No studies have examined the associations of various risk factors related to anthropometry, bone mineral density and body composition of specific body regions with hypertension and diabetes comorbidity (HDC). This study explored the association between HDC and various risk factors related to specific body regions. Method A total of 7,978 subjects (3,451 men and 4,527 women) aged ≥ 50 years were included in the analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis based on complex sample data analysis was conducted to examine associations between the normal and diabetes groups, between the normal and hypertension groups, and between the normal and HDC groups. Results Among Korean adults aged ≥ 50 years, 11.27% of men and 10.05% of women had both diabetes and hypertension. The HDC prevalence was higher in men than in women. In men, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR, adjusted OR = 1.63 [1.22–2.18], adjusted p<0.001) exhibited a more significant association with HDC than other indices, left leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.61 [0.45–0.81], adjusted p = 0.0009) and right leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.60 [0.45–0.81], adjusted p = 0.0007) displayed strong negative associations with diabetes, and left leg lean mass (adjusted OR = 0.77 [0.67–0.89], adjusted p = 0.0002) and trunk fat mass (adjusted OR = 1.28 [1.07–1.52], adjusted p = 0.0062) were significantly associated with hypertension. In women, left leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.29 [0.22–0.39], adjusted p<0.0001) and right leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.32 [0.23–0.45], adjusted p<0.0001) exhibited strong negative associations with HDC, waist circumference (WC) (adjusted OR = 2.15 [1.40–3.30], adjusted p = 0.0005) showed a stronger association with diabetes than did other indices, and WC (adjusted OR = 1.39 [1.11–1.74], adjusted p = 0.0040) and WHtR (adjusted OR = 1.39 [1.09–1.76], adjusted p = 0.0075) were significantly associated with hypertension. Discussion HDC was more strongly associated with fat and lean mass than diabetes and hypertension. The association between HDC and body fat variables was more robust in women than in men.

Mediating effect of BMI on the association of economic status and coexistence of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh: A counterfactual framework‐based weighting approach

“…Our findings are consistent with these studies. A study in the Korean population also found a similar directional association 53 . More studies focused on the independent association between ES and hypertension and diabetes separately, especially in developing countries, and reported a positive association 34,54–57 .…”

“…A study in the Korean population also found a similar directional association. 53 More studies focused on the independent association between ES and hypertension and diabetes separately, especially in developing countries, and reported a positive association. 34 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 Obesity rates have risen with urbanization and gross domestic product growth, accompanied by shifts in diet and reduced activity.…”

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“…(22) Contrarily, several studies have shown that the visual symptoms of CVS worsen when no breaks are taken. (23) Studies that have been done on the subject show that poor posture when sitting might increase musculoskeletal complaints. (24) Our research accurately outlined this public health concern and pinpointed the risk factors for computer vision sickness.…”

Comorbid Diabetes and Hypertension: Gender differences in prevalence and risk factors among adults (≥18 years) in an urban community in Kathmandu District in Nepal

“…The association between comorbidity and body fat variables was more robust in women than in men aged fifty years and above. 22 In China, comorbid diabetes and hypertension were found to be higher among older persons, women, those with higher education, single and increased waist circumference. More importantly, comorbidity was significantly associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease due to a synergistic and additive effect.…”