Risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection in children in South Korea

Son, Minji; Park, Yoon Seon; Jung, Min Ho; Kang, Jin Han; Choi, Ui Yoon

doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1510709

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…BCG was found to be protective against TB reducing the risk by one-third (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.54). This has be documented in other studies, where absence of BCG vaccination, as significant risk factors for LTBI [46] and that could facilitate disease transmission [47]. Those with BCG vaccination were less likely to have occupationally-acquired PTB than those without vaccination (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.20–3.6 [48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Risk factors for tuberculosis: A case–control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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Background Tuberculosis remains a major public-health problem in the world, despite several efforts to improve case identification and treatment compliance. It is well known cause of ill-health among millions of people each year and ranks as the second leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. Despite implementation of the World health organization recommended strategy, the reductions in the incidence of TB have been minimal in high burden countries. Objectives and methods A case control study was carried out to assess the risk factors of TB, where cases were newly registered bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB patients with age greater than 15 years who present at twenty health centres in Addis Ababa. Controls were age and sex matched attendees who presented in the same health centers for non-TB health problems. Results A total of 260 cases and 260 controls were enrolled in the study and 45.8% of cases and 46.2% of controls were in the 26–45 years age bracket. According to the multivariable logistic regression analysis, seven variables were found to be independent predictors for the occurrence of TB after controlling possible confounders. Patients who live in house with no window or one window were almost two times more likely to develop tuberculosis compared to people whose house has multiple windows (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI:1.06, 3.07). Previous history of hospital admission was found to pose risk almost more than three times (AOR = 3.39; 95% CI: 1.64–7.03). Having a household member who had TB was shown to increase risk of developing TB by three fold (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.60, 5.62). The study showed that illiterate TB patients were found to be more than twice more likely to develop TB compared to subjects who can atleast read and write (AOR, 95% CI = 2.15, 1.05, 4.40). Patients with household income of less than 1000 birrs per month were more than two times more likely to develop TB compared to those who had higher income (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.28, 3.78). Smoking has also been identified as important risk factor for developing TB by four times (AOR = 4.43; 95% CI: 2.10, 9.3). BCG was found to be protective against TB reducing the risk by one-third (AOR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.54). Conclusion This study showed that TB is more common among the most agile and economically active age group, and number of windows, history of hospital admission, a household member who had TB, illiteracy, low household income and smoking and lack of BCG scar were identified as independent risk factors. Therefore it is imperative that the TB control effort need a strategy to address socio economic issues such as poverty, overcrowding, smoking, and infection control at health care facilities level is an important intervention to prevent transmission of TB within the facilities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Risk factors for tuberculosis: A case–control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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“…In our study, the occurrence of TB was less in those study participants who were vaccinated for BCG. This is in line with other studies conducted in different areas where lack of vaccination for BCG is a signi cant contributing factor for developing TB (38,39,51,52). The BCG vaccine is one of the most widely used of all current vaccines for neonates and infants in countries where it is part of the national childhood immunization program.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Prevalence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Using Gene Xpert Among Tuberculosis Suspected Patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Diriba

Churiso

2022

Preprint

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Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease remains a major global health problem and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Even though many of the WHO recommended TB control strategy was implemented; there is still a major gap in TB case detection and treatment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among presumptive TB patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 TB suspected patients in Gedeo Zone from February to July 2021. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Laboratory examination was processed using Xpert-MTB/RIF assay. Data entry was made using Epi info version 7 and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Logistic regression models were used to determine the risk factors. Results Out of 384 study participants suspected with TB, M tuberculosis was isolated from 103 giving an overall prevalence of 26.8%. Males (AOR) = 1.95; 95% CI 1.56-2.65, P=0.01) were more likely to develop TB than females. Study participants who were illiterate (AOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.17-2.51, p=0.014) were more likely to develop TB than the educated one. Cigarette smokers (AOR 2.89; 95% CI 2.10-3.84, p=0.01), khat chewers (AOR 2.86; 95% CI 1.28-3.79, p=0.01), vaccination (AOR 0.52; 95% CI 0.21-0.88, p=0.02), close contact (AOR 3.42; 95% CI 2.24-4.50, p=0.01) and being positive for HIV (AOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.07-3.52, 0.01) were more likely to develop TB. Conclusion Despite implementation of national and international TB control strategies, TB still remains one of the major public health problems in the country especially in the study area. The high prevalence of MTB was reported different risk groups. Early case detection and management of TB should be given special attention to strengthen and an appropriate control and prevention methods to reduce the emergence and increasing of MTB cases.

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“…In addition to refugee children, one of the studies also included immigrants in the screening process for tuberculosis and LTBI, yielding an overall number of 67 334 children being examined with 12% prevalence of LTBI in total [17]. The prevalence of LTBI was found to be higher among older individuals, which is expected given the longer time period and potential for exposure to individuals having tuberculosis [5,18,19]. Our study also did not find any significant differences in LTBI prevalence between sexes, as noted in other high-risk populations, and in concordance with the study by TAYLOR et al [17] showing an identical percentage of males and females with LTBI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, there is a need for a better understanding of the epidemiology and population dynamics of the disease. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a state of persistent immune response to stimulation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens without evidence of clinically manifested active tuberculosis infection [5,6]. Almost one-third of the world's population is estimated to have LTBI, in which they do not have active TB disease but may develop it in the future [2,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis among refugee children in Malaysia

Wong

Lee

2020

ERJ Open Res

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IntroductionTuberculosis remains one of the top 10 major causes of global mortality, imposing social–economic and medical challenges in Malaysia. Refugees sheltered in Malaysia are a high-risk population but basic health checks upon their arrival, including tuberculosis screening, are not practised. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among refugee children in Malaysia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in three refugee schools in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, using tuberculin skin tests or interferon-γ release assays. Participants who tested positive were sent for further examination with chest radiography to confirm the tuberculosis diagnosis.ResultsFrom April 2018 to April 2019, we screened 430 refugee children with a median age of 13.0 years. Most of the children were born in Myanmar (n=274, 63.7%) and Pakistan (n=60, 14.0%). No children were diagnosed with active tuberculosis but 55 of the children (12.8%) were diagnosed with LTBI. Children with LTBI were generally older (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.71–5.29; p<0.001) than those without LTBI infection. Sex, history of bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccination and country of birth were not associated with increased risk of LTBI.ConclusionThe relatively high LTBI burden among refugee children in this study poses an indication of possible LTBI risk among this population nationwide, and thus would be an important group to target for preventive therapy. This provides a unique opportunity for researchers to further examine and implement well-structured preventive strategies in combating the endemic infectious disease in Malaysia.

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Risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection in children in South Korea

Abstract: These results indicate that children born in high TB burden foreign countries should be considered a high-risk group for LTBI in South Korea; the inclusion of these children in LTBI screening should be considered.

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Risk factors for tuberculosis: A case–control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Risk factors for tuberculosis: A case–control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The Prevalence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Using Gene Xpert Among Tuberculosis Suspected Patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis among refugee children in Malaysia

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